Canadian Governments Fiscal Year

Canadian Government's Fiscal Year If youve ever dealt with publicly-traded companies or government entities, you know that they keep a different calendar for things such as quarterly earnings and budget  reporting. In most cases (but not all), the fiscal year calendar they follow isnt the standard January 1 through December 31. For the purposes of bookkeeping and financial reporting, companies and governments in most countries follow whats known as a fiscal year. Simply put, a fiscal year is the financial year of an organization for accounting purposes. Its a 52-week period that doesnt end on Dec. 31. The fiscal year for most American companies, especially those listed on a public stock exchange, is typically July 1 to June 30.   The calendar a company or organization follows is what determines how its taxes and expenditures are calculated by taxing bodies such as the Internal Revenue Service in the U.S. or the Canada Revenue Agency in Canada.   Canadas Fiscal Year The fiscal year of the Canadian federal government and the countrys provincial and territory governments is April 1 to March 31, just like most other British commonwealths (and Britain itself). This is different than the tax year for Canadian citizens, however, which is the standard January 1 to December 31 calendar year. So if youre paying personal income taxes in Canada, youll follow the calendar year. There are some circumstances under which a Canadian business may request a change to its fiscal year calendar. This requires a written appeal to the Canada Revenue Service, and it cant be done just to get a particular tax advantage or for reasons of convenience. If youre seeking a change to your fiscal year, be prepared to explain why to the CRA. Heres an example of a potentially valid reason for changing a companys fiscal year: Joes Swimming Pool Supply and Repair Company operates 12 months out of the year, but he sells fewer swimming pools and does fewer maintenance calls in the winter than in the spring and summer. For Joe, it makes fiscal sense for him to operate on a fiscal year calendar that more closely aligns with the natural cycle of the business. Reasons for a Fiscal Year Calendar For companies that are legally required to have their financial returns audited, it may be more cost-effective to hire auditors and accountants at a slower time of year, when tax preparers are in lower demand. Thats not the only reason to follow an alternate calendar. For school districts, following a fiscal year that closely matches the school year (July 1 to June 30, for example) makes more sense than a calendar year that ends when the school year is barely half over. Retail businesses that see most of their revenue come in the form of holiday gift purchases may opt to include December and January in the same quarter for revenue reporting purposes, rather than letting December skew the entire years financial results.

Sterilization in Nazi Germany

Sterilization in Nazi Germany In the 1930s, the Nazis introduced a massive, compulsory sterilization of a large segment of the German population. What could cause the Germans to do this after having already lost a large segment of their population during World War I? Why would the German people let this happen? The Concept of The Volk As social Darwinism and nationalism merged during the early twentieth century, the concept of the Volk was established. Quickly, the idea of the Volk extended to various biological analogies and was shaped by the contemporary beliefs of heredity. Especially in the 1920s, analogies of the German Volk (or German people) began surfacing, describing the German Volk as a biological entity or body. With this concept of the German people as one biological body, many believed that sincere care was needed to keep the body of the Volk healthy. An easy extension of this thought process was if there was something unhealthy within the Volk or something that could harm it, it should be dealt with. Individuals within the biological body became secondary to the needs and importance of the Volk. Eugenics and Racial Categorization Since eugenics and racial categorization were in the forefront of modern science during the early twentieth century, the hereditary needs of the Volk were deemed of significant importance. After the First World War ended, the Germans with the best genes were thought to have been killed in the war while those with the worst genes did not fight and could now easily propagate.1 Considering the new belief that the body of the Volk was more important than individual rights and needs, the state had the authority to do whatever necessary to help the Volk. Sterilization Laws in Pre-war Germany The Germans were not the creators nor the first to implement governmentally sanctioned forced sterilization. The United States, for instance, had already enacted sterilization laws in half its states by the 1920s which included forced sterilization of the criminally insane as well as others. The first German sterilization law was enacted on July 14, 1933 - only six months after Hitler became Chancellor. The Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (the Sterilization Law) allowed the forced sterilization for anyone suffering from genetic blindness, hereditary deafness, manic depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, congenital feeblemindedness, Huntingtons chorea (a brain disorder), and alcoholism. The Process of Sterilization Doctors were required to register their patients with genetic illness to a health officer as well as petition for the sterilization of their patients who qualified under the Sterilization Law. These petitions were reviewed and decided by a three-member panel in the Hereditary Health Courts. The three-member panel was made up of two doctors and a judge. In the case of insane asylums, the director or doctor who made the petition also often served on the panels that made the decision whether or not to sterilize them.2 The courts often made their decision solely on the basis of the petition and perhaps a few testimonies. Usually, the appearance of the patient was not required during this process. Once the decision to sterilize had been made (90 percent of the petitions that made it to the courts in 1934 ended up with the result of sterilization) the doctor that had petitioned for the sterilization was required to inform the patient of the operation.3 The patient was told that there would be no deleterious consequences.4 Police force was often needed to bring the patient to the operating table. The operation itself consisted of ligation of the fallopian tubes in women and a vasectomy for men. Klara Nowak was forcibly sterilized in 1941. In a 1991 interview, she described what effects the operation still had on her life. Well, I still have many complaints as a result of it. There were complications with every operation I have had since. I had to take early retirement at the age of fifty-two - and the psychological pressure has always remained. When nowadays my neighbors, older ladies, tell me about their grandchildren and great-grandchildren, this hurts bitterly, because I do not have any children or grandchildren, because I am on my own, and I have to cope without anyones help.5 Who Was Sterilized? Asylum inmates consisted of thirty to forty percent of those sterilized. The main reason for sterilization was so that the hereditary illnesses could not be passed on  in  offspring, thus contaminating the Volks gene pool. Since asylum inmates were locked away from society, most of them had a relatively small chance of reproducing. The main target of the sterilization program were those people with a slight hereditary illness and who were at an age of being able to reproduce. Since these people were among society, they were deemed the most dangerous. Since slight hereditary illness is rather ambiguous and the category feebleminded is extremely ambiguous, some people were sterilized for their  asocial  or anti-Nazi beliefs and behavior. The belief in stopping hereditary illnesses soon expanded to include all the people within the east whom Hitler  wanted eliminated. If these people were sterilized, the theory went, they could provide a temporary  workforce  as well as slowly create Lebensraum (room to live for the German Volk). Since the Nazis were now thinking of sterilizing millions of people, faster, non-surgical ways to sterilize were needed. Inhuman Nazi Experiments The usual operation for sterilizing women had a relatively long recovery period - usually between a week and fourteen days. The Nazis wanted a faster and perhaps unnoticeable way to sterilize millions. New ideas emerged and camp prisoners at Auschwitz and at Ravensbrà ¼ck were used to test the various new methods of sterilization. Drugs were given. Carbon dioxide was injected. Radiation and X-rays were administered. The Lasting Effects of Nazi Atrocity By 1945, the Nazis had sterilized an estimated 300,000 to 450,000 people. Some of these people soon after their sterilization also were victims of the Nazi euthanasia program. While many others were forced to live with this feeling of loss of rights and invasion of their persons as well as a future of knowing that they would never be able to have children. Notes 1. Robert Jay Lifton,  The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide  (New York, 1986) p. 47.2. Michael Burleigh,  Death and Deliverance: Euthanasia in Germany 1900-1945  (New York, 1995) p. 56.3. Lifton,  Nazi Doctors  p. 27.4. Burleigh,  Death  p. 56.5. Klara Nowak as cited in Burleigh,  Death  p. 58. Bibliography Annas, George J.  and  Michael A. Grodin.  The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. New York, 1992. Burleigh, Michael.  Death and Deliverance: Euthanasia in Germany 1900-1945. New York, 1995. Lifton, Robert Jay.  The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York, 1986.

Short story the company of wolves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short story the company of wolves - Essay Example Her aging grandmother had set an example of a staunch Christian by spending her days singing praises and her defense against the wolves included hurling a bible at them. The wolves in the story clearly represent a sexual predator, a man who believes this is their world to take; a man’s world. A world in which the female gender are taught to fight, fear and shield themselves as the only way for survival. The wolves represent sexual predators, rapist, domestic abusers and all forms of temptation, as written by Carter (1979) "the wolves have ways of arriving at your own hearthside. We try, and we try but sometimes we cannot keep them out" (p. 647). Women are clearly taught to be ashamed of temptation; that it is a sin to be tempted. The woman in the company of wolves who was bitten by wolves while straining macaroni clearly fell into temptation as she carried out her maternal duties, showing temptation has no respect, no boundaries, so women should always be alert; always be on the defensive. Her father, being a man himself seems to be aware of what danger the little girl clearly faces out in the woods and thus is seen to be so protective. The little girl clearly represents a new breed of evolving women who are aware of their femininity. The girl is shown to be at the tender age where she is getting to know herself. She is aware of the transformations taking place within her body; according to Carter (1979) â€Å"Her breasts have just begun to swell; her hair is like lint, so fair it hardly makes a shadow on her pale forehead; her cheeks are an emblematic scarlet and white and she has just started her womans bleeding, the clock inside her that will strike, henceforward, once a month. She stands and moves within the invisible pentacle of her own virginity. She is an unbroken egg; she is a sealed vessel† (p. 650). Carter clearly describes the feminine features that the girl carries, features and

Trademark laws in the United Arab Emirates Research Paper

Trademark laws in the United Arab Emirates - Research Paper Example The symbol trademark of this company that indentifies its products is swoosh, which is a trademark that ranks as one of the best, among the most recognized and popular logo in the world. The symbol of trademark was designed in 1972, after the owner of the company, which was then known as the Blue Ribbon Sports, required a symbol that would effectively indentify his products, and thus serve to allow him more of inventory control. Thus, the symbol was designed to represent one of the wings of the Greek goddess of victory, called the Nike. This goddess served as a great inspiration to the ancient Greek warriors, granting them courage and strength to gain victory in the battles (Coleman, 19). Thus, this symbol was designed to represent the products of this company, signifying winning, achievement, as well as excellence (Smith, 6). This did tally very well with the image that the ancient Greek Goddess Nike was associated with; commonly having the then Greek warriors, believe and attest to the fact that when they went to a war and won, then they said it is Nike. Thus, swoosh, previously referred, as the stripe became a symbol of victory, which is evident of the company’s brand worldwide. The owner desired a symbol that would show an element of movement, which is represented by swoosh, a symbol of progressive growth and achievement (Coleman, 22). The symbol was registered in 1995 as the trademark for the Nike Inc., and, is solely responsible for the successful brand identification and success. The rules governing Nike and its use of swoosh trademark applies inform of regulations, that restricts any use of its trade name or the logo for any commercial purpose, other than for placing an order or purchase of the Nike products. Under the copyright regulation rules of this company, anybody is prohibited from modifying, copying, or reproducing the company’s trade name or logo to represent any other product that is not a brand of this company (Smith, 7). Anothe r of the regulation guiding the company’s use of the logo and its trade name is the fact that the company has issued a warning that any order placed with the company can be cancelled at any point. This can happen even after the order has been confirmed, should such an order placement be deemed inappropriate or as an attempt to tamper with the trademark rights of the company (Coleman, 25). An indemnification is issuable to the buyer whose order has been cancelled. The trademark laws in the UAE do not just protect the logo or the trade name. They are attached to the product or services the trademark represents (Ashour, 10). Some example of trademark laws include such laws as prohibits any mark that violates public morals. Symbols of a pure religious nature are also prohibited from being applied as trademarks (Smith, 8). Such laws are relevant and appropriate to preserve the morals of the society, while avoiding confusion with marks of religious entities. However, the restrictio n on the registration of a translation of a previous trademark should be removed, to allow for the improvements of logos and trademarks by commercial entities. Any infringement of the rights of the com

Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption Essay Example for Free

Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption Essay When comparing the novel and the film of Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Steven King there are many similarities. The film follows the novel plot very closely in many aspects of the book. The similarities found in the film and novel is character portrayals, key scenes and overall messages. The film accurately captures the essence of the novel. In both the film and the novel, Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, the characters are portrayed in a very similar manner. The first character that was well represented was Andy Dufresne. I could see why some of the boys took him for snobby. He had a quiet way about him, a walk and a talk that just wasn’t normal around here. He strolled like a man in a park without a care or a worry in the world. Like he had an invisible coat that would shield him from this place. † In both the film and the novel, this was how Andy’s fellow prison mates perceived him as. In addition, Hadley was portrayed as a very harsh and strict man. â€Å"Your only problem is going to be how many bones you still got unbroken. You can count them in infirmary†¦ We’re throwing this sucker over the side. (King, 45) In the film he was also portrayed as the same character with the same characteristics. â€Å"You eat when we say you eat. You shit when we say you shit. And you piss when we say you piss! † Likewise, Sam Norton was a â€Å"biblical man† who was also cold and stern. â€Å"No one had ever seen him crack a smile. He had a thirty year pin from the Baptist Advent Church of Eliot†¦ made sure that each incoming prisoner had a New Testament. † (King, 56) In the film, his characteristics were exactly the same as the book. â€Å"I believe in two things: Discipline and the Bible. † All in all, the characters in the novel and film were portrayed in the same way. Secondly, the main messages in both the film and novel were captured in the same way. The first theme that is apparent in the film and novel is imprisonment and isolation. â€Å"These walls are kind of funny. First you hate ‘em, then you get used to ‘em. Enough time passes, gets you to depend on them. That’s institutionalized. † This was an apparent theme because most of the prisoners in Shawshank became so dependent on the daily structure within the prison that most of them were scared of the outside. â€Å"Twenty days on the grain and drain train for Andy down there in solitary. † King, 67) Solitary was a form of punishment frequently used in both the novel and film. On the other hand, hope was the most prominent message portrayed in the novel and film. â€Å"†¦I hope† (King, 107) hope was found in many various parts of Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, such as, the hope to be free, hope to survive and so on. â€Å"Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies. † Another theme that is very obvious in Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption is crime. Crime is found all throughout the film and novel because the setting takes place in a prison. Tommy Williams came to Shawshank in 1965†¦ Cops caught him sneaking TV sets out the back door of a JC Penney. † Every crime that was committed in the novel and film stuck to the same details and explanation, making both the novel and film very similar. â€Å"I committed murder. I put a large insurance policy on my wife†¦ then I fixed the brakes of the Chevrolet coupe. † (King, 15) Given these points, the director of the movie included all of the same messages and themes that were in the novel. Furthermore, the film was so similar to the novel that most key scenes were word for word. One key scene, being Andy’s murder trial, seemed to be directly taken out of the novel. â€Å"Since I am innocent of this crime, I find it decidedly inconvenient that the gun was never found. † In this scene, the dialect is the same for both the novel and the film, for example, â€Å"It’s neither convenient nor inconvenient. Only the truth. † (King, 24) Equally important, Andy’s escape scene was captured similarly in the film when compared to the novel. â€Å"Geology is the study of pressure and time. That’s all it takes really†¦ pressure†¦ and time†¦That, and a big goddamn poster. Andy spent years on end working away at his escape hole in the novel and the film; Andy knew what it took because of his knowledge in geology. â€Å"Ripped the poster from the wall†¦ and revealed the gaping, crumbled hole in the concrete behind it. † (King, 87) Lastly, when Andy meets tommy, tommy realizes that Andy is innocent and he kn ows who actually committed the murders. This is another scene that plays out the same in both the novel and the film. â€Å"It’s my life. Don’t you understand? IT’S MY LIFE! † in the film Andy begs Warden Norton to understand his situation and pleads that he is innocent. He began refreshing Norton on the details of the crime he had been imprisoned for. Then he told the warden exactly what Tommy Williams had told him. † (King, 64-65) in the novel Andy hopes that Norton will listen to the information he has heard and that Norton will be understanding, but instead Norton shut him down. As shown above, the key scenes in the novel and film have the same details and context. In conclusion, the film Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by Steven King portrayed the novel in a very similar way. It does so by portraying the characters, key scenes and messages in similar ways in both the novel and film.

Humorous Wedding Roast of the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech about the Groom Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Before starting the one speech that I know you’ve all been waiting for, I’d like to thank both Steve and Marcus – my two support acts. And I’d also like to thank Marcus in particular, for hosting what so far has been an absolutely fantastic wedding. It can’t have been easy watching your only daughter marry someone like Steve. In fact, I can only imagine what it might have been like - perhaps a similar feeling to realizing that you’ve just trodden in some fresh dog mess, only 100 times worse? But Marcus, if I may call you that, you’ve conducted yourself with great dignity and composure today, and I think we should all take inspiration from you – particularly when we next have a mishap on the pavement. And talking of mishaps on pavements, it was 17 years ago this very year that I trod on Steve – sorry, I mean that I met Steve - one September morning, both of us walking to our first day at St Joseph’s Secondary. And I feel the things I’ve witnessed over the last 17 years give me a certain authority today to remind Marcus, and to tell those of you who don’t know Steve, quite what Aimee’s got herself into. Now, I can see Steve beginning to look uncomfortable and, behind that sweet smile, Aimee is clearly furious. And it’s fair enough, because they did make it very plain to me that today was a family occasion. But it’s also tough, because this is too good an opportunity to miss. That said, they shouldn’t really worry because Steve’s never been much of a rebel. In fact, at school he was quite a goody-two-shoe – if you ignored the fact that through the fourth and fifth year he used his changing room locker to run a profitable lending library of pornographic magazines. Let me tell you, when word got round that the Porn Prince had some new stock in, there would be a queue half way round the block. Or so I heard. But he did ask me not to go into that today, because it’s something he’s never told Aimee, so I won’t. And in fairness to Steve, he was actually a keen student who always wanted to put forward his opinions – and he would have done well if the examination board had only agreed with just a few more of them.

Direct & Indirect Leadership

Direct vs. Indirect Leadership The term leadership is a word taken from the common vocabulary and incorporated into the technical vocabulary, of a scientific discipline without being precisely redefined. As a consequence, it carries extraneous connotations that create ambiguity of meaning (Janda, 1960). Leadership has been described as the â€Å"process of social influence, in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task†. Social influence occurs when an individual's thoughts, feelings or actions are affected by other people, i. e†¦ onformity, peer pressure and socialization. (Wikipedia). The military definition of Leadership is influencing people—by providing purpose, direction, and motivation—while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. Getting people to do what you want them to do. It is the means or method to achieve two ends: operating and improving. But there’s more to influencing than simply passing along orders. The example you set is just as important as the words you speak. And you set an example—good or bad—with every action you take and word you utter, on or off duty. Through your words and example, you must communicate purpose, direction, and motivation (FM 22-100 Chapter 1The Leadership Framework). Military leadership could be different from the rest of the world. Most corporations, companies and jobs are not bound by and oath, some may be. But what they do have in common, you don’t get to pick your leadership style. In the army you were sworn by an oath to defend the Constitution of the United States, against all enemies foreign and domestic so help you God and obey the orders of those appointed over you. In others words you didn’t have a choice, to pick what style of leadership you wanted. Most military leadership is a form of direct leadership. Generals communicate with field Commanders through teleconference, e-mails and speeches updating and talk about rules and regulation that effect their immediate command. Reinforcing, the army mission, its values and goals. Commanders are different they provide direct and indirect leadership, they are the one’s closet to the ground solider. Examples of direct leadership include formations, inspections and motor pool visits. They meet with their chain of command on a daily basis, to discuss and update them on changes to policies and regulation. Ensuring that all rules and regulation are being followed according to Department of Defense (DOD) and Uniform Code of Military Justice addressing all concerns and issues under their Chain of Command. Examples of more direct leadership include memos too change to policy, speaking at New Solider Orientation and before field training exercise. A form of indirect leadership by a CEO is called â€Å"cascading† (Bass, Waldman, Avolio, & Bebb, 1987; Waldman & Yammarino, 1999; Yammarino, 1994), occurs when the direct influence of the CEO on immediate subordinates is transmitted down the authority hierarchy of an organization (e. g. , from the CEO to middle managers, to lower-level managers, to regular employees. In this case the United States Army, through their promotion system. The Army is looking to retain, recruit and promote soldiers’ whose attitude, values (you’re vs. Army), military knowledge and appearance stack up against theirs through the promotion systems. Military Leadership Development Courses schooling design educate, reinforce the leader to achieve excellence. The Leader of Character and Competence Acts: Valves, Be, Know and Do. Values are Loyalty, Selfless Service and Integrity. Be: loyal, mental, physical and emotional strong. Know: Interpersonal, Technical and Tactical skills. Do: Influencing, through communicating and decision making. Operating, executing and assessing missions/training. Improving, through team building, developing and learning (FM 22-100 Chapter 1 The leadership Framework Fig 1-1). The type of leadership depends on the type of organizations that you are in or working for. One leadership style do not fit every situation. Strengths and Weaknesses Direct: Strengths: Everyone knows who’s in charge. Leaders or Managers has all the power, employees has very little input. Weakness: employees have no input, everything is enforce from the top down Employees may not take any initiative Indirect: Strengths: Employees can brainstorm come up with different ideas on how to accomplish the task/mission. Weakness: Could be time consuming, no one can agree on how to accomplish the task No one wants to accept responsibility

Personality Development Analysis Essay

Personality development is among the important aspects of life that we have to go through to ensure a complete and healthy life mentally, physically and emotionally. In this paper the three major theories of personality development are going to be used to analyse an individual that has already been chosen. Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, and Freud’s theory of psychosexual development are going to explain the various traits of our character in an effort to try and further understand the human personality development. The character has been chosen from the television series ‘Scrubs’; he is Dr John Michael Dorian also known as ‘JD’. JD is a 32 year old medical doctor; currently he is the residency director at St Vincent’s hospital, a position he recently acquired. He can be classified as a genuinely good doctor; this is shown by his concern for his patients while he was working at Sacred Heart Hospital. His best friend is Dr Chris Turk who is the Chief Surgeon at Sacred Heart hospital. The two of them have been together for most of their adult life; it has been frequently been confused that they are homosexual because of the closeness of their relationship. JD has a son called Sam who he adores. He has a girl friend called Elliot also a doctor in private practice. His mentor is Dr. Perry Cox who is the current chief of medicine at Sacred Heart hospital. All of them have worked together for over 8 years; they all have various close relationships depending on their line of work, perceptions e. t. c. Lastly JD has been portrayed as a needy human being; this is shown by his sensitivity and neediness. He has been described as the neediest person in the hospital. According to Erickson’s Psychosocial Development theory, JD is in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage. At this stage the main virtue is love and understanding. It is at this stage that one dares to experience relationships with other people. These relationships are therefore key aspects in ones life at this stage in life (Feldman 2005). When we look at JD, we see that he has a network of relationships that actually determine how well he works as a doctor. His relationship with Dr. Turk is of more importance. The call each other using pet names; brown bear and vanilla bear, this shows that they are both comfortable with each other. This relationship is also characterised with a lot of child like games and competitions. The two can therefore be considered as inseparable no matter what the circumstances (Dacey & Travers 2002). They depend on each other through thick and thin. There is also a lot of focus on JD career. He has been described as the residency director at St Vincent’s Hospital a position that he accepted because he would like to live near his son; he wants to spend more time with his on Sam. That is another relationship that dominates his life, in fact since both JD and Turk have children, when ever they get free time they spend it together with their children. This shows that the relationship between the parents and the children is healthy and will be healthy in the future, another characteristic that JD is in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage. Unfortunately, JD has had a series of bad relationships with the opposite sex; this attributed to the fact that he is not emotionally healthy at that level, very small things with the opposite sex tends to bring out the worst in him. This is not for lack of trying but because as he defines it he self sabotages all his romantic relationships, a trend that can be seen also in his social life though with varying degrees. That is why he is mostly lonely (Dacey & Travers 2002). According to the Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, JD as a rational adult is in the Formal Operational stage. He is able to think rationally and therefore reach rational conclusions. He can speak eloquently and therefore an effective communicator. He knows the difference between right and wrong; it is part of the reason as to why he is a good doctors. According to JD patients need the extra attention so that they can heal even faster. This he reached despite constant ridiculing by his friends and at time even the doctor. But he still feels that it is right to spend sometime to know ones patient. Some of the skills that one acquires when at this stage have also been demonstrated; JD uses his deductive skills to diagnose his patients (Leifer & Hartston 2004). This also enables him to spend more quality time with his patients. It is the same reason as to why he is very much attached to the same patients. He is able to make rational decisions; seen when he decides to take another job so that he can spend more time with his son. This is particularly a hard decision because it means moving away from his best friend Turk. It means spending less and less time with Turk; many still don’t believe JD could make such a decision, but he does. This shows that he understands that in life one has to learn how to make rational decisions that will further enhance our lives and the lives of our loved ones. Being selfish is therefore a sign that all is not well. Life sacrifices have to be made so as to ensure that we are with those that we love and cherish. Such sacrifices come out of making rational decisions and although some may be sad, one has to look at the bigger picture. On the other hand JD is know for making the wrong decision despite knowing what the consequences are; he has an inner monologue that is constantly telling him what he should do but he always ignores this advice only to suffer the consequences latter (Leifer & Hartston 2004). According to Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development, JD has successfully gone through the required stages that one has to go through to ensure that he is ready and complete for life. He is an adult and has therefore managed to go through all the processes as described by Freud; he is therefore at the genital stage. At this point in life JD is struggling to establish a balance between a lot of things going on in his life. He therefore reaches a decision that favours him moving a way from what he is used to so as to be with his son. He also makes a decision that involves him living with Elliot his girlfriend and eventually his wife. At this stage one tends to focus on the needs of others rather than their own needs and this explains why JD made such a selfless decision so that he can be with his wife and further enhance his career as a residency director. At his point in life one also tends to be attracted to the members of the opposite sex; the decisions at this point could be self serving or simply just wrong but a relationship borne out of such a decision in this stage rarely lasts as one discovered that they were only attracted to the person because of one thing, their sexuality (Feldman 2005). In an analysis of all the theories, then it is safe to conclude that JD is in fact a normal healthy human being compared to any standards. Despite a few flaws here and there, he is emotional stable and mentally sound. He is a hard working member of the community and in no way a perfect person. A balance is therefore necessary; a balance of all the elements of personality development. This balance means that one is tolerable and consequently of sound abilities. JD has friends and family around him who love him and appreciate him; his childish nature has been described as a very normally way to avoid getting overwhelmed since he is in a demanding career. The fact that he is father means that he is a man who will do everything to ensure that his son never lacks anything and hopefully. In conclusion the theories of personality are meant to try and establish criteria through which a human being develops; they try and explain why human personalities are different and at times we all happen to go through the same things in life. Psychosocial characteristics are meant to establish how and why a person relates to others the way they do. It explains person’s social characteristic within the social context. Cognitive development explains tries to understand how humans acquire knowledge and therefore deduces a person’s personality through this process of learning. In the end we have the psychosocial development that is mainly focused on the sexual drive in human beings and how people’s personalities develop as a result of undergoing these urges; a balance and control of these urges at different stages in life means that one will end up with a good personality. But in the end a balance of almost all elements remains desirable; depending on the theories a balance of all these attributes means that one is of good nature and therefore a good human being to be with. References: Dacey John S & Travers John F. (2002). Human Development across the Lifespan. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Feldman Robert S. (2005). Development across the life Span, Upper Saddle River, N. J: Prentice Hall. Leifer G & Hartston H. (2004). Growth and Development across the Lifespan: A health Promotion Focus. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders.

Definition and Examples of Deep Reading

Definition and Examples of Deep Reading Deep reading is the active process of thoughtful and deliberate reading carried out to enhance ones comprehension and enjoyment of a text. Contrast with skimming or superficial reading. Also called slow reading. The term deep reading was coined by Sven Birkerts in The Gutenberg Elegies (1994): Reading, because we control it, is adaptable to our needs and rhythms. We are free to indulge our subjective associative impulse; the term I coin for this is deep reading: the slow and meditative possession of a book. We dont just read the words, we dream our lives in their vicinity. Deep Reading Skills By deep reading, we mean the array of sophisticated processes that propel comprehension and that include inferential and deductive reasoning, analogical skills, critical analysis, reflection, and insight. The expert reader needs milliseconds to execute these processes; the young brain needs years to develop them. Both of these pivotal dimensions of time are potentially endangered by the digital cultures pervasive emphases on immediacy, information loading, and a media-driven cognitive set that embraces speed and can discourage deliberation in both our reading and our thinking.(Maryanne Wolf and Mirit Barzillai, The Importance of Deep Reading. Challenging the Whole Child: Reflections on Best Practices in Learning, Teaching, and Leadership, ed. by Marge Scherer. ASCD, 2009) [D]eep reading requires human beings to call upon and develop attentional skills, to be thoughtful and fully aware. . . .Unlike watching television or engaging in the other illusions of entertainment and pseudo-events, deep reading is not an escape, but a discovery. Deep reading provides a way of discovering how we are all connected to the world and to our own evolving stories. Reading deeply, we find our own plots and stories unfolding through the language and voice of others.(Robert P. Waxler and Maureen P. Hall, Transforming Literacy: Changing Lives Through Reading and Writing. Emerald Group, 2011) Writing and Deep Reading Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I dont mean merely conscious; I mean  awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.(Mortimer J. Adler and  Charles Van Doren, How to Read a Book. Rpt. by Touchstone, 2014) Deep Reading Strategies [Judith] Roberts and [Keith] Roberts [2008] rightly identify students desire to avoid the deep reading process, which involves substantial time-on-task. When experts read difficult texts, they read slowly and reread often. They struggle with the text to make it comprehensible. They hold confusing passages in mental suspension, having faith that later parts of the text may clarify earlier parts. They nutshell passages as they proceed, often writing gist statements in the margins. They read a difficult text a second and a third time, considering first readings as approximations or rough drafts. They interact with the text by asking questions, expressing disagreements, linking the text with other readings or with personal experience.But resistance to deep reading may involve more than an unwillingness to spend the time. Students may actually misunderstand the reading process. They may believe that experts are speed readers who dont need to struggle. Therefore students assume that their own reading difficulties must stem from their lack of expertise, which makes the text too hard for them. Consequently, they dont allot the study time needed to read a text deeply.(John C. Bean, Engaging Ideas: The Professors Guide to Integrating Writing, Critical Thinking, and Active Learning in the Classroom, 2nd ed. Jossey-Bass, 2011 Deep Reading and the Brain In one fascinating study, conducted at Washington Universitys Dynamic Cognition Laboratory and published in the journal Psychological Science in 2009, researchers used brain scans to examine what happens inside peoples heads as they read fiction. They found that readers mentally simulate each new situation encountered in a narrative. Details about actions and sensation are captured from the text and integrated with personal knowledge from past experiences. The brain regions that are activated often mirror those involved when people perform, imagine, or observe similar real-world activities. Deep reading, says the studys lead researcher, Nicole Speer, is by no means a passive exercise. The reader becomes the book.(Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. W.W. Norton, 2010 [Nicholas] Carrs charge [in the article Is Google Making Us Stupid? The Atlantic, July 2008] that superficiality bleeds over into other activities such as deep reading and analysis is a serious one for scholarship, which is almost entirely constituted of such activity. In this view engagement with technology is not just a distraction, or another pressure on an overloaded academic, but is positively dangerous. It becomes something akin to a virus, infecting the key critical engagement skills required for scholarship to function. . . .What is . . . not clear is if people are engaging in new types of activity that replace the function of deep reading.(Martin Weller, The Digital Scholar: How Technology is Transforming Scholarly Practice. Bloomsbury Academic, 2011)

Sugaring Recipes to Attract Moths

Sugaring Recipes to Attract Moths Many moths will come to lights at night, but if you really want to sample the species in an area, you should try sugaring for moths. Sugaring or baiting is an effective and fun way to attract moths to an area. The bait is usually a mixture of fermenting fruit, sugar, and alcohol. When sugaring for moths, you apply the bait mixture to tree trunks, fence posts, stumps, or other structures, usually around dusk. After dark, you visit your bait sites at regular intervals of time to collect or photograph any moths. You can try sugaring for moths any time of the year, but youll have the best results if the temperature remains above 50 °F. Warm, muggy nights are ideal for baiting moths. Making a Sugar Bait for Moths Every moth enthusiast or entomologist I know has their own favorite recipe for sugar bait. The key to effective bait is making a concoction with a strong odor to attract the moths, and a sweet taste to keep the moths around. Finding a mixture that yields good results may take a bit of trial and error on your part. Start with this basic recipe, and modify it to your liking. Basic Sugar Bait Recipe to Attract Moths brown sugaroverripe bananasbeer (stale beer is preferable)molasses Were not baking a cake here, so theres no need to measure anything. Making a good bait for sugaring moths is more a matter of consistency than it is of proportion. You should try to achieve a consistency thick enough to keep it from dripping, but thin enough to spread with a paintbrush. Crush up the ripe bananas and mix them in. Use enough beer to dissolve the sugar. Stir it all together until you have a thick but fluid bait mixture. Some people prefer to age their sugaring bait, by letting it sit at room temperature for a few days. This will allow it to ferment, which will make the bait all the more attractive to the moths. If you choose to do this, dont put your mixture in an airtight container. Use a loose-fitting lid, or cover the container with a paper towel held in place with a rubber band. If you have any stale or skunky beer around, heres your chance to put it to good use. Moths dont mind a stale beer. Other Sugar Bait Ingredients Really, the fun part of sugaring for moths is creating your own perfect bait recipe. Try some of these ideas to modify the basic recipe, and see what works best to attract moths. dry yeast - if youre going to let your mixture sit and ferment, this may be a good addition to tryrumsweet liqueurs, like schnappswhite sugar – can be substituted for brown sugarhoneymaple syruprotting watermelon – some moth enthusiasts swear by watermelon, claiming its the best moth attractant you can findfermenting peaches, pears, or applesblack treacle – a sweet syrup produced when sugar is refinedcola – some people like to simmer the cola, stirring in sugar and perhaps some molasses until it dissolvesorange soda – open it and let it sit for a while, so it goes flat Applying the Sugar Bait to Attract Moths Now that youve mixed your sugar bait, its time to do some mothing! Youll need a paintbrush to apply the concoction. A 3-4 width paintbrush is ideal for this purpose. Take your mixture to the area where you hope to collect moths, and choose a few tree trunks or fence posts that are easily accessible. Paint the mixture on these locations, making about a 12-inch square (smaller, obviously, if the tree trunk isnt that wide) at eye level. If youre planning to photograph the moths, keep that in mind when applying the sugar bait. Make sure the ground is clear of debris or undergrowth, so you can collect or photograph any moths easily. I recommend sugaring the trees around dusk, so the scents of a fresh batch of bait are wafting through the air just when the night-flying moths are waking up from their naps. When youre applying the bait, remember that other insects (ants, anyone?) may enjoy a sugary snack, too. If you want to find moths, you need to be careful not to spill the bait solution as you walk around the area. Dont let the bait mixture drip down the tree trunk, either. You need to make a nice, neat square of sugar bait, without creating trails for ants to follow. If it drips, its not thick enough and you should go back to the kitchen. Adding molasses will usually do the trick. Some people recommend using the bait mixture as a barrier, to keep hungry ants from reaching the bait square intended for moths. Try painting a ring of the sugar bait around the tree trunk, several feet below the moth bait, and also several feet above the moth bait. This should effectively intercept any ants, and keep them preoccupied and away from the moths. Checking the Bait for Moths Now its just a matter of sitting and waiting for the moths to find your irresistibly stinky bait. Youll probably notice the most moth action between the hours of 10 pm and 1 am but check your bait sites every half hour or so. Be careful you dont spook the moths! Dont shine your flashlight directly at the moths. Flashlights with a red filter, or with red LED lights, will make it easier to observe the moths without disturbing them. Keep your flashlight pointing down toward the ground as you approach. As moths in the area detect the scent of the bait, they will fly to the site to investigate. Youll see moths resting on the areas where you applied the bait.   Sources: Discovering Moths: Nighttime Jewels in Your Own Backyard, by John Himmelman Sugaring for Moths, Catocala website, accessed November 19, 2012 Sugaring for Moths, University of Washington, accessed November 19, 2012Sugar Baits for Moths, National Moth Week, accessed November 19, 2012Sugaring for Moths  (PDF), Michigan Entomological Society, accessed November 19, 2012Attracting Moths, Staffordshire Moth Group, accessed November 19, 2012

The South Korean Chaebol System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The South Korean Chaebol System - Essay Example The chaebol is the leading type of business group in South Korea. It can be defined as a business group which is owned and controlled by a person and that person’s family – a definition that coincides for the most part with Morikawa’s definition of zaibatsu, which is that the business group exclusively owned and controlled by the family’, and probably also fits the rest of the definition, ‘diversified industrial firms’, since it is a business group. (Shiba and Shimotani, p. 31) The chaebol concept encouraged the formation of conglomerates under a single holding company, usually controlled by a family. It was fashioned after the Japanese keiretsu. However, unlike the latter, chaebol’s do not have their own financial institutions and that they require the government’s approval of financial backing since South Korea’s banks are nationalized. (Dubois, p. 42) From the late 1950s, it has emerged due to favorable import license concessions, access to scarce foreign exchange and governmental properties seized from the Japanese formed part of the Korean state policy. Samsung, Korea’s oldest chaebol, and the four other biggest conglomerates were established during this period. It was in the 1960s when the chaebols forged its strong partnership with the government. The Korean government identified talented entrepreneurs and systematically sponsored them by credit, trading licenses, tax advantages, and other measures. (Richter, p. 73)Â   The nature of this alliance between the state and the chaebols is fundamental in the Korean impressive economic performance seen from thereon. The government support, encouragement, and intervention resulted to what was called as the guided economic development wherein the government involvement enabled chaebols to monopolize spheres of activity and accumulate capital in order to finance diversification of production. According to Kong, democratization and economic liberalization policies did not break the interdependence of state and chaebols and that it even had the effect of strengthening the chaebols and generating new forms of collusion.