A Local Environmental Issue

Over the past centuries, people have engaged in many activities that brought about changes in the quality of air in Metropolitan Manila, the greater metropolitan area of the city of Manila, the National capital of the Philippines.   These changes were introduced with the construction of cities and during the onset of the industrial Revolution.   Urban construction, transportation and industrial activities up to the present times have added new materials not normally found in air. Some of these changes are beneficial while others are harmful. These materials have changed the quality of the air.   The air that surrounds us contains substances which could be considered examples of natural pollutants such as ashes from volcanic eruptions, salt from the sea, and even pollen grains from plants.   These air pollutants if present in air in large amounts can cause harm to life and property. Human activities have added more pollutants to the air.   These air pollutants are of two groups:   Those that affect our health such as Particulate Matter or Suspended Particulates, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, Air Toxics, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbons.   The other group of air pollutants are those that affect our environment, which cause harm by altering the properties of the air such as Ozone and Photochemical Smog and Depleters of Stratospheric Ozone. Transportation and industry have contributed much to the pollution of the air.   Motor vehicles are the major sources and contributor of pollutants in cities like Metro Manila.   Gasoline-fueled vehicles produce more particulates and oxides of nitrogen. Human activities have also upset the balance in ozone layer. Knowing the harmful effects of air pollution, what then should people do about it?   The most we can do is to reduce the amount of harmful substances that will enter the atmosphere and remove as much pollutants from the air as possible. Removing pollutants from the air is not as effective as preventing pollution and reducing pollution.   Preventing pollution is more effective and easier to do than removing pollutants from the air.   Nature often does this for us for examples the high rainfall and the frequent and strong typhoons cleanse the air for us.   However, we have no control over Nature’s self-cleansing schedule. References Santos, Gil Nonato C and Jorge P. Ocampo (2003).   Science and Technology I.   Rex Printing Company, Inc. Manila.            

Cesar Guarin “First Filipino Ultra-Marathoner” Essay

Will you gamble your own welfare for the sake of others? Cesar Guarin, a 56-year-old entrepreneur and the first Filipino, first Asian and fourth person in history to run around the world proved that with a strong determination and with a purpose to help, anyone can bring their dream into reality. Guarin is known as the â€Å"Father of the Philippines Ultramarathon†. He joined Global Run which considered as one-of-a-kind marathon and the toughest run ever that began 1983 and will end in 2016. He already finished the first four legs of his Global Run wherein he run 11,583 kilometers from 1983 to 2009. After his last run in US-Canada (2009), he will again venture in another run, 2,053 kms. in the Australia marathon, the fifth leg of his Global Run. After completing the Australia leg, he will run across- Middle East (2012), England-Norway (2012), Finlan-Moscow (2013), Egypt-Israel-Jordan (2013), Japan-Korea (2014), India-Myanmar (2014) and Thailan-Singapore (2014) to complete the marathon. Despite of different hindrances like injuries, Guarin continuously run and this time it’s for a mission. He started a fund raising projects called â€Å"Batang Pangarap† and â€Å"Global Run, Alay sa Pilipino† to help poverty alleviation in the Philippines, to reduce the number of children on the street by encouraging them to venture into sports, to campaign the tourism of the Philippines and to show his appreciation to the Filipino community abroad for helping the country (Philippines). Guarin as an Ultramarathoner showed to the world that Filipino is a one-of-a-kind race.

Financial Detective

professional users and sells them through its own technical representatives and mobile franchise dealers. The global manufacturer would be company L because they would have higher selling, general and administrative costs, in this case 38. 9 compared to 24. 8. The company with the specialized tools from mobile franchise would have higher cost of goods sold, in this case 61. 0 compared to 51. 6. Retail Both companies are large discount retailers. One company carries a wide variety of nationally advertised general merchandise.The other company is a rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores and has partnerships with several leading designers. The company with partnerships with the designers is company M because it has intangibles of 9. 0 compared to the general merchandise discount company which has intangibles of 0. 6 making it company N. Newspapers One company is a diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspaper sales around the country and aroun d the world.The other company owns a number of newspapers in small communities and this company has significant goodwill on its balance sheet. Company O is the company that owns a number of newspapers as they have intangibles of 76,8 compared to company P, which is the world newspaper company and has intangibles of 37. 1. Health ProductsBeer ABCD Accounts Payable9. 82. 2Stockholders' Equity16. 572. 9 Inventory turnover3. 080. 93Current Assets11. 281. 7 Intangibles22. 246. 1Cost of Good Sold53. 938. 5 SG expense44. 546. 7Cash & ST investments1. 455. 6 SG expense17. 350. ComputersBooks & Music EFGH SG expense9. 723. 1SG expense16. 921. 8 Intangible Assets01. 2Depreciation1. 13. 7 Inventory21. 3Inventory14. 838. 6 Accounts Payable38. 318Cash & ST Investments54. 816. 2 Current Liabilities60. 933. 3Quick Ratio00. 46 Inventory Turnover13. 562. 42 PaperTools IJKL Intangibles14. 61. 9SG Expense3948. 4 Cost of Goods Sold6151. 6 Receivables Turnover18. 923. 7 RetailNewspaper MNOP Intangibles9 0. 6Intangibles76. 837. 1 Receivables Turnover24. 516. 7SG Expense2339. 7 Net Fixed Assets14. 134. 6 Stockholders' Equity62. 535. 5 Financial Detective professional users and sells them through its own technical representatives and mobile franchise dealers. The global manufacturer would be company L because they would have higher selling, general and administrative costs, in this case 38. 9 compared to 24. 8. The company with the specialized tools from mobile franchise would have higher cost of goods sold, in this case 61. 0 compared to 51. 6. Retail Both companies are large discount retailers. One company carries a wide variety of nationally advertised general merchandise.The other company is a rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores and has partnerships with several leading designers. The company with partnerships with the designers is company M because it has intangibles of 9. 0 compared to the general merchandise discount company which has intangibles of 0. 6 making it company N. Newspapers One company is a diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspaper sales around the country and aroun d the world.The other company owns a number of newspapers in small communities and this company has significant goodwill on its balance sheet. Company O is the company that owns a number of newspapers as they have intangibles of 76,8 compared to company P, which is the world newspaper company and has intangibles of 37. 1. Health ProductsBeer ABCD Accounts Payable9. 82. 2Stockholders' Equity16. 572. 9 Inventory turnover3. 080. 93Current Assets11. 281. 7 Intangibles22. 246. 1Cost of Good Sold53. 938. 5 SG expense44. 546. 7Cash & ST investments1. 455. 6 SG expense17. 350. ComputersBooks & Music EFGH SG expense9. 723. 1SG expense16. 921. 8 Intangible Assets01. 2Depreciation1. 13. 7 Inventory21. 3Inventory14. 838. 6 Accounts Payable38. 318Cash & ST Investments54. 816. 2 Current Liabilities60. 933. 3Quick Ratio00. 46 Inventory Turnover13. 562. 42 PaperTools IJKL Intangibles14. 61. 9SG Expense3948. 4 Cost of Goods Sold6151. 6 Receivables Turnover18. 923. 7 RetailNewspaper MNOP Intangibles9 0. 6Intangibles76. 837. 1 Receivables Turnover24. 516. 7SG Expense2339. 7 Net Fixed Assets14. 134. 6 Stockholders' Equity62. 535. 5

Competitive advantage Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Competitive advantage - Research Proposal Example Cross-out skirt development might be fruitful when retail logistics arrangements utilize the right restricted manifestation of last mile dispersion, or motivating forces and interest administration systems to address this diverse neighborhood inclination. Cross chain retails logistics. Online and logged off retail are more incorporated on an operational level, strategic level (stock area and grouping arranging) and key level. Models for effective online extension, inside outskirt and cross-fringe, ought to subsequently be adjusted to incorporate the right part for disconnected from the net outlets on every one of the three levels. Not just web shops are included keeping in mind the end goal to conveyance administration, however different gatherings also. Logistics administration suppliers may deal with the conveyance and accumulation yet there may additionally be a part (e.g. For stocking parts) for suppliers/producers of items sold. In addition, buyers can be eagerly included, for instance, in the coordination of the conveyance (e.g. Through online networking) and discretionarily comes back to diminish crests and no-shows (Accenture 2012), The essential objective of this exploration task is to empower Dutch retailers with online channels to expand the piece of the overall industry through best-in-class logistics and satisfaction. Specifically, one will watch a noteworthy business sector potential for e-trade organizations to stretch the business by means of cross-out skirt deals to Belgium and Germany. Developments that come about because of the CATELOG task bring open doors for new business for organizations. Case in point, better purchaser learning and better information on the impacts of requesting conduct on logistics gives new business chances to a 4c in e-trade logistics. Moreover, developments in ICT instruments and architectures bring open doors for ICT organizations (Agatz, et al.

Business Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Ethics - Assignment Example My spiritual well being can be defined from the knowledge that I hold and my conscience that helps me to distinguish between the right and the wrong. This has helped me to become a person of principles and sane mind and soul who can benefit other fellow human beings without any benefit or personal-interest. 2. Mental Well Being: How Would You Like To Be Described in this Role? My mental well being represents the strong connection between my heart, my soul and my mind. Without maintaining a sound balance between my mental well being and my spiritual well being, I am unable to benefit and impart my knowledge to other fellow human beings. I cannot think of benefitting the people around me without a healthy mindset and positive thinking approach. 3. Physical Well Being: How Would You Like To Be Described in this Role? My physical well being helps me to fulfill my various roles and responsibilities. The well being of my physical health enables me to take care of the people around me and to fulfill my responsibilities in a more defined and active manner. 4. Relationships/Family: How Would You Like To Be Described in this Role? I am the kind of a person who cherishes relationships in life. To me, my family members and my loved ones are the most important people in my life, regardless of anything. I do not evaluate or judge them on the basis of their character or qualities they possess; in simple words, my world revolves around my family. I am very protective and concerned about their well being.

Design research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design research proposal - Essay Example The researcher will thus uncover the academic gap in this context and design an appropriate design that can effectively combine both the high and tech and the vending machine besides increased usability and convenience to curb the looming cases of disease since this is a public machine and hence serves various cohorts of individuals hence presenting higher chances of spread of contingency diseases. Vending machines are convenience common sources of snacks and beverages but most machines ignores healthy options. The foods and drinks in the vending machines have led to increased cases of obesity (public health problem). Youth and adults are at risks to develop type 2 diabetes, asthma, arthritis and heart disease. Despite the fact food vending machine avails food everywhere in America, food choices hazardous to health. Based on these limitation in the vending machine, there is an urgent need to unearth the possible effective design mechanism that if adopted will results in safety of vending machine users (The Nemours Foundation 2010). This can only be achieved through the incorporation of the high tech within the vending machine to curb the problem of spread of these catastrophic disease attached to faulty public vending machines. Many cities have thus designed effective restrictions and regulatory to the designers of these vending machines in order to meet the guideline requirem ents. It is upon this problems associated with most vending machines, the researcher seeks to investigate and design a machine that will minimize the spread of diseases associated with the public vending machines. The data collection through observation will be done both in the vending machine mall and the MU building on the University. The rationale for picking on these location was due to the mass coverage within short time. This will ensure observation’s effectiveness besides vast

Positive Effects Of The Industrial Revolution On The Lives Of People Case Study

Positive Effects Of The Industrial Revolution On The Lives Of People - Case Study Example The standard of living for some had improved and the society was progressing. The industrial revolution is said to have brought many positive effects in the lives of people. Inventions such as the steam locomotives helped transportation and the increase in agricultural yield helped the farmers. There were many more significant inventions which changed the face of the earth and improved the lives of the masses. However, as it is commonly said that a coin has two sides and so this is also visible here. With the many pros which the industrial revolution brought with itself, it also brought some flaws. It is these flaws which are often highlighted when the industrial revolution is discussed. To begin with, it is claimed that the industrial revolution created a huge gap between the other countries and Britain. Also, this did not only lead to a huge technological gap between the countries but this also created a financial gap between them and Britain. The incomes of the average family were increasing and the people were becoming richer. At this point, sociologists like Marxists claim that the businessmen or the ruling class are exploiting the masses by paying them lesser wages. This causes the standard of living of the workers to actually fall rather than improving. However, as statistics show that people were actually well of in the long run. As soon as the technological change set in the conditions started improving and soon the families were spending more on food, clothing and household goods than ever before 1 Overall, the Industrial Revolution had many good effects. It increased the number of goods and services a nation could produce and supplemented to its wealth. It created jobs for workers and overtime assisted they live better lives. It produced better diets, better accommodation, and cheaper, better clothing.

Is organic produce really healthier than nonorganic - is organic Research Paper

Is organic produce really healthier than nonorganic - is organic really healthier - Research Paper Example xtent, the distinction between the organic produce and the nonorganic produce is realized based on the agricultural methods by which treatment of plant growth is carried out. At this stage, the farming processes for conventionally grown crops essentially differ from those implemented on the organics with respect to specific requirements that set the desired conditions for either approach. Eventually, this becomes the chief ground when traceable chemical substances or post-process residual components are detected on crops, causing possible threat to human health. By ‘organic’, the implications of the term pertain to the utilization of ecologically-balanced self-sustaining agricultural methods which abide by the application of wholly natural resources rather than synthetic derivatives in farming. Organic crops necessitate growth in natural soil and must be kept from alterations and be maintained at a sufficient distance from the slots reserved for the conventional counterparts. Applying pesticides and genetically engineered genes such as those of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) is a prohibited measure. Likewise, farmers are further regulated to get rid of both the sewage sludge-based and the petroleum-based fertilizers in aiding straight organic nourishment. Sources in managing pest control highly depend instead upon natural means with biodiversity through good insects, traps, birds, and other useful elements of nature with related properties. Similarly, restoring soil fertility is conducted using manure and compost whereas regulating weed may be performed manually via hand weeding or employing equally safer options as tilling, crop rotation, and mulching (Paul, et al). On the other hand, herbicides and insecticides are commonly utilized for weed and pest control purposes, respectively, as crops are made to develop in chemically fertilized soil. This way, nonorganic produce is often analyzed to contain significant levels of pesticides from which greater

Youth Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Youth Case study - Essay Example This paper provides a comparative study about the proliferation of youth gangs in East Timor and the United States of America. It introduces the characteristics of the gangs in both countries by pointing out the differences and similarities. East Timor obtained its independence from Indonesia after a prolonged freedom struggle, in which tens of thousands of East Timorese were killed, captured or tortured. The political turmoil of April 2006 led to the disintegration of the security forces into multiple factions and large organized street gangs. Research has found out that large numbers of young and marginalized males have joined these organizations, factions and street gangs (Scambary, 2006). Youth gangs are not a new phenomenon since they were used as instruments of repression during the Portuguese and Indonesian rule. After gaining independence, East Timor has witnessed sporadic clashes in the western highlands and Dili. A riot in March 2001 between rival gangs destroyed several houses in villages like Olobia and Boramatan (Scambary, 2006). The current conflict and nature of the violence has been focused in the market areas around Comoro and Taibesse. Sintu Kulao and Gaya Anak are two of the western gangs arrayed against two big eastern gangs, Lito Rambo and Lafaek in Becora and Comoro respectively (Scambary, 2006). Ethnicity has also played a large role in the formation of these youth gangs as a struggle between West and East Timor. Revenge has been the motive for the random violence, which has taken place. Another reason for the huge proliferation of gangs in East Timor is the land disputes, which have arisen in the aftermath of independence. A strong campaign of house burnings and intimidation against easterners has revolved around individual property disputes. Some gangs are being led by former resistance figures like Lito Rambo and Sintu Kulao (Scambary, 2006). Many gang members have infiltrated the political parties and security forces.

Crital Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crital Art - Essay Example Therefore, in essence, Leonardo DiCaprio who is the star of the movie reflects the nature of men in the story Roman emperor Caligula. This similarity in the storyline especially the sex lives of these historical setting makes the movie an ethical into the contemporary society. Notably, Terence Winter adopted the Wolf of Wall Street storyline from Jordan Belfort, a stockbroker who succeeded in the stockbroking venture between the 1980s and 1990s. Belfort fortune into the business was a fortune that led him to earn status quo. Therefore, the film was pegged within this understanding, but the film seems to be highly exaggerated especially in the excessive pleasures that also seem to be bottomless. The film runs for three hours but it may interesting to watch for over hours; however, some scenes make the movie disturbing that elongate the time on such scene. The film is made up of characters from different background including low life and high life personalities. The mixture of this nature only tries to bring the film into the mediate societal context. For instance, Queens who raised Belfort were from middle class setting. These queens failed to elevate Belfort to his targets to his Wall Street dreams. This failure may be translated that more traditional ways of life cannot fit into the contemporary demands and successes (The Wolf of Wall Street, 2013). Alternatively, the successes achieved by most of the characters especially the main character is an indication that hard work and right strategies are the key successes in in life. Additionally, just like in the film where Leonardo DiCaprio reinvented himself by leaving a larger firm to start from smaller start, Matthew McConaughey got laid off in 1987 from the market crash. In this nature, he reinvented himself by moving to the Long Island where he made a penny stock boiler room and renaming his old

Doubt by John Patrick Shanley Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doubt by John Patrick Shanley - Assignment Example For this reason, she harshly declares that the priests is a pedophile and must leave the school immediately. Her doubt cannot be seen in a positive view as she has picked a very irreconcilable argument yet she has no evidence to show that Father Flynn is guilty. Based on her interaction with people, Sister Aloysius reveals to be a distrustful person especially to men and that is why she thinks that Father Flynn is guilty of pedophile. She is a very strict person who thinks that teachers who are not doubtful are naà ¯ve. When a boy nose-bleeds in class, she concludes that he induced the bleeding to get out of class. She shows how strict and doubtful she is when she makes such utterances as; â€Å"There is a chain of discipline. Make use of it.† (p.8), â€Å"Every easy choice today will have its consequence tomorrow.† (p.9), and â€Å"The best teachers do not perform, they cause the students to perform,† (p.11). When Sister James tells her that Father Flynn has always paid more attention to Donald Miller since he became an altar boy, she is certain that the Father has always had sexual interest in the boy or worse that the boy has already been violated by the priest. Despite all the barriers preventing Sister Aloysius from finding the answers she is seeking, she still pushes the argument of Father Flynn too far as she is torn between her personal emotions and her role as a school principal. She wants to straighten the wrong which she perceives the priest is creating in the school. However, she does take it too far in her pursuit for the truth. When she says: â€Å"In the pursuit of wrongdoing, one steps away from God. Of course, there’s a price.† I believe she stepped â€Å"away from God† by relying on her personal speculation to lie and contradict the same rules she is trying to safeguard. She feels immature and selfish at the end of the parable due to her blind rampage as she declares â€Å"I have doubts! I have such doubts!† (58).

Investment in Gold and its effect on the society Essay Example for Free

Investment in Gold and its effect on the society Essay Gold is the most popular form of investment of all the precious metals. Many investors in the contemporary society prefer to buy gold as protection against crisis that may emanate from changes in the political, economic, social or financial systems in the society. Political economy has great impact on the economic development of a country because of the interaction between the economy and the society . For instance, a crisis may be caused by political instability triggered by social unrest or war, decline in market investment, inflation, currency failure and burgeoning of a national debt. The popularity of gold in investment has resulted to the establishment of a gold standard. The term â€Å"gold standard† refers to a monetary system whereby the standard economic unit of an account is defined by a certain fixed weight of gold. Investment in gold can have negative and positive impact on the society. This paper will discuss the issue of investment in gold and how it affects the society. Issues that will be addressed include how and why gold serves as money in the monetary system. In addition, how tightly the gold is tied to the movement of money as well as the ancient history and legends on gold will be covered. Discussion Importance of gold in the World Monetary system The human lust for gold has been witnessed since the existence of ancient races and civilizations. Throughout history, gold has always been used as a relative standard for currency and a form of payment. Ancient civilizations used gold coins as money because of their high value and lack of paper money. However, even after the introduction of paper money, the significance of gold in the monetary system remained. In the late nineteenth century, gold standards were introduced in various European nations. However, the gold standards were affected by a financial crisis that was witnessed during the First World War. During the war, the US and Great Britain were some of the countries that suspended the strict Gold Standard but Great Britain returned to the gold bullion standard in 1925. The significance of gold in the monetary system increased after the World War II when gold was pegged to the US dollar by the Bretton Woods system. Back then, the US dollar value to the gold was pegged at the rate of $35 per troy ounce. The system was eliminated after 1971 when the US made unilateral suspension of direct convertibility of the US dollar to gold. Trading in gold has maintained its importance in replacing money. In the US, the important role of gold was evident in 1975 when trading in gold for delivery was done in New York Commodity Exchange and Chicago International Monetary Market in 1975 . In 1980, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) sold about one third of its gold holdings and in 1986, the American Eagle Gold Bullion coin was introduced by the US Mint. Over the years, gold has maintained its high value and significance in the world monetary system in the contemporary society. Currently, gold continues to be traded across the globe on the basis of intra-day sport price which is derived from gold trading that occurs through the counter in gold-trading markets. The high demand and supply of gold drives the price of gold just like in other many investments. However, disposal and hoarding of gold affects its price in the market because there is more gold that exists to be supplied in the market for the right price. For centuries, gold has been the foundation of monetary systems hence as an investment is considered to be very critical in the global monetary system. This is because it does not generate income hence its intrinsic value is measured based on the Central Bank International Monetary Reserves. Many governments acknowledge the significance of gold in stabilizing the economy . For example, the end of British Gold standard in 1914 paved way for the World War I inflationary financing. The end of the monetary inflation in 1921 on the other hand resulted to stability in the United Kingdom and the United States. This stability resulted to positive effects on rising Bonds and Equity market prices and interest rates. Due to the need to maintain the role of gold in the economy, the Bretton Woods in 1944 ratified the US Gold Exchange Standard of 1935 . Central banks in various influence the gold price and countries can limit gold sales. For example, 1999, limitation of gold sales by the members of the Washington on Gold (WAG) who included Japan, Europe, US, Australia, the IMF and International Settlements was done. The countries limited gold sale to less than 400 tones per annum. Due to the high value of gold and its importance in the monetary system, ancient history and legends have confirmed how important gold has been for centuries. For example, ancient stories have pointed out that the Europeans believed that there was a place of immense wealth that was referred to as El Dorado due to the presence of gold in the place. As a result, many people made efforts to search for the place to get the gold. However, it has never been confirmed whether this place exists or not. In addition, during the Egyptian civilization period, the people used to bury great amounts of gold together with dead pharaohs in belief that they would use the gold in the afterlife. Just like the ancient civilizations, many countries are now interested in increasing their gold reserves as protection in case of a financial crisis. As a result, the countries make efforts to improve the returns of the official gold reserves. The modern world monetary system is founded on gold that has been held by the Central Banks and in the Treasury. Gold is considered to be equal to money due to its importance in the Gold Standard . The three gold standards that are used in the monetary system include the gold specific standard, the gold exchanged standard and the gold bullion standard . A Gold Standard ensures that the public can prevent governments from pursuing destabilizing monetary policies through escape Asset and Debt deflation or Fiscal profligacy. The holdings of gold at the market price by the World Central Bank constitute part of the World International Monetary Reserves(IMRs) upon which the World monetary system is based. Measurement of changes in IMR defines whether there is expansion or contraction of the World Central Bank Monetary Base. In 1944 at the time of the Bretton Woods agreement, gold accounted for about 90 per cent of the consolidated World Central Bank Monetary Reserve and because the United States owned about 90 per cent of the Central Bank gold, the dollar managed to become the International monetary system key currency. Gold has real money value because its value is not affected by changes in the economy or control by the government economic policies. Ancient civilizations recognized the importance of gold hence they had many prisoners of war work in gold mines in search for the gold. In 4000 BC, Eastern Europe began using gold to make fashion and decorative objects and by 1200 BC, Egyptians were beating gold to extend its use in the society. They even combined it with the other metals to create alloys and also use it for the lox-wax technique. In 550 Scathe Greeks mined gold in the Middle East and the Mediterranean and used it foe art and in the monetary system. In 344 BC, Alexander the Great is believed to have crossed the Hellespont carrying vast quantities of gold he had acquired from the Persian Empire. According to the Greek mythology, in 1550 BC, the King of Mycenae who led the Greek expedition to Troy had worn a gold funerary mask. The Romans also mined and used gold which they sometimes sought in the water streams . By 50 BC, the Romans were able to issue a gold coin known as Aureas. The value of gold in the society remained over the years and in 1299AD, Marco Polo wrote about gold that he had seen in his travels to the Far East. In 1903AD, the Gold Standard Act in the US was officially established and enabled the US to maintain a fixed exchange rate as compared to other nations. This ancient history of gold confirms how important gold has been to the society for many centuries as a monetary value and for other applications. Investment in gold Investment in gold is very vital in economic growth and stabilization of the economy . Research studies that have been carried out in the economic confirm that the economy and the wider society interact . Gold is considered to have great value as compared to other precious metals that are mined and used in the society. The significance of gold in relation to the world monetary system makes investment in gold an excellent long-term means of saving and protecting wealth from negative economic forces. Initially, gold coins were used as money when paper money had not been introduced in the economy. However, the introduction of paper money made the carrying of bank notes that were more divisible and lighter than the heavy gold coins more convenient. This case was witnessed in the US during the 1930s Great Depression when President Roosevelt advocated against the use of gold. Gold is also very important when there are negative or low real interest rates. This is because the demand for gold is increased when real estate equity and return on bonds are not adequate to compensate for risk and inflation. For instance, during the 1970s when economic changes resulted from stagflation that led to an economic bubble. In cases where national crisis is experienced as a result of looting, invasion, war or crisis, many investors are concerned about the seizing of the assets and the reduction in currency worth. In efforts to maintain the currency worth, the investors therefore consider gold to be a solid asset and a good form of investment. Investors have taken advantage of the relation between gold and money by investing in various ways. Many investors in gold as well as the economists agree that gold has become the world’s ultimate dollar hedge investment. Investors can invest in gold is various ways . For example, investment in gold can be done through direct ownership, Gold Exchange-Traded Funds(ETFs),gold mutual funds, junior gold stocks and gold options. In direct ownership form of investment, the gold bullion is very important hence the investors who choose to invest in gold through direct ownership enjoy permanent high value of gold. The Gold-Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) refer to the mutual fund that trade on stock like ordinary stock. In the United States, the two gold ETFs that trade hold onto the gold bullion. On the other hand, the gold mutual funds allow investors to invest where the funds hold portfolios of gold stocks of companies that mine gold while the junior gold stocks are preferred by the investors whose risk of tolerance is broader. The investors hence accept the possibility of gold-based losses. The gold options form of investment is used by the experienced and the sophisticated investors due to the element of speculation in gold prices. Investment in gold can also be done through the purchase of bullion gold bars. In many countries, the billion gold bars are usually sold over the counter in the countries’ major banks. In addition, the gold bullion dealers provide investors with an opportunity to purchase the bars which differ in sizes. As difficulties in storing, verifying and storing pure gold increase, investors now find it easy to invest in gold though a gold account. Because gold bars are easier to store, they are often sold as kilo bars. Investment in gold is also done by buying gold coins and this enables one to hold the monetary value through gold. Examples of banks that sell and buy gold counts over the counter include the Liechtenstein and Swiss banks. The American Eagle billion coin is the most popular gold coin that has been used for hundreds of years. These coins have a stated amount of pure gold made from the denominations that are provided by the treasury. The Gold exchanged traded funds are sold or bought as shares on the major stock exchanges in Sydney, New York and London. For those who investors in gold through the gold billion, a certificate of ownership is held. These certificates enable various investors to sell or buy security without the inconvenience that may be associated with actual physical gold transfer. Gold certificates were first issued to customers in England and Netherlands in the seventeen century in order to allow the investors/ customers to keep the gold bullion safe through the certificates.

Mark Ratners Concepts of Molecular Electronics

Mark Ratners Concepts of Molecular Electronics Mark Ratner  and  The Basis of the Future: Molecular Electronics Levent BahadÄ ±rhan KarakuÃ…Å ¸ 2. Introduction Mark Ratner, He is professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering at Northwestern University. He studies the theory of fundamental chemical processes related to nanoscale application. Ratner is a member of the Internatioanal Academy of Quantum Molecular Science also, His lectures subjects were â€Å"Transport in molecular Junctions†and â€Å"Nano and Energy† at Stanfort University at 2009. I choose Mark Ratner because, Topic of Nano technology and energy generation are important on the sustainable energy. High capaticy batteries, high technology solar cells, etc. besides; new tech-power plants or storages These topics to be studied for me. In short, Quantum mechanics and Nano technology are always interested me[20]. 2.1. Education He graduated from Harvard University department of chemistry at 1964. Then, He started Ph.D. in chemistry from Nortwestern University and working with G. Ludwig hofaker. Ratner first lecture chemistry at New York University from 1970 until 1974[20] 2.2. Career Development He worked may extended period of time in israel and he worked with lots of scientists, including form Tel Aviv University and University of Jesursalem. Also Rater works international association, particularly in Netherlands and Denmark[20] 3. Fields 3.1 Molecular Electronics (Primary field) Molecular electronics increased interest in as of late, induced spawning by information technology may reach it computability limits in a several years. [1-2]. In order to molecular electronics to become a valued alternative to silicon researces, It will not be enough to generated molecular electronic devices with distinguished characteristics, but proper circuit and architectural solution will be needed. When lots of effort has given to the demonstration of electronic functionalities of one molecules and organic filmsi research at the circuit and system level is still in its beginning[5-9]. Investigation on single molecules or nanotube based devices prospect to keep Moore’s law alive once miniaturisation of silicon-based structures becomes useless. As first proposed by Aviram and Ratner [10]. One can imagine to squeeze whole nonlinear circuit elements such as transistors or diodes into single molecules. In principle, suchlike devices could be importantly faster and smaller th an end of the routemap solid state electron devices[11]. 3.1.1 Why molecular electronics? Intrinsically entire electronic processes in nature, from photosynthesis to signal transduction, occur in molecular structures. For electronic epplications, molecular structure have four major advantages: Size: The size scale of molecules is between 1 and 100nm, a scale that permits functional nano-structures with attendant advantages in efficiency, cost and power dissipation. Assembly and recognition: One can exploit secific internolcular interaction to from structures with nano-scale self assembly. Molecular recognition can be used to chance electronic attitutde, providing both swithing and sensing capabilities on the one molecule scale. Dynamical stereochemistry: lots of molecules gave multiple distinct stable conformations or isomers. Such geometric isomers can gave distinct optical and electronic properties. For instance, the retinal one switches between more than one stable structures, a process that transduces light into a chemoelectrical pulse and allows vision. Synthetic tailorability: with choice of character and geometry, ona can extensively vary a transport of the molecule, binding, structural and optical properties. The instrument of molecular synthesis are extremely developed.[12] [http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/reports/reportpdf/report52.pdf] 3.1.2 Electrode The molecule electrode interface is a severely significant component of a molecular junction. It might limit current flow or completely modify the measured electrical response of the junction. Lots of experimental platforms for constructiong molecular electronic devices are founded on practical comsideration. This approach is in numerous ways the boon and the disaster of the field. For instance, the sulfur gold bond is a fabulous chemical hangle for forming self assembled, forceful organic monolayers on metal surfaces. Other technics such as using a scanning probe tip a cÄ ±ntact the molecule are frequently employed in part. Becuse that avoid processing steps that can damage or unexpecteably modify the molecular component. Optimally the couice of electrode materials would be based not on the easy of production or measurement, but rather on first principles considerations of molecule electrode interactions. On the other hand, in state of the art for the theory of molecule electrode interfaces is very elemantary. [http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/reports/reportpdf/report52.pdf] 3.1.3 DNA Consider a protein that spans a cell membrane and shuttles information across that membrane. The protein self assembles and self orients in the membrane; it also might switch between two forms, only one of that will transmit the chemicalsignal. Proteins are big molecues and indeed a specific molecular size is required to achieve such a rich combination of properties. The rotaxane molecule shown large and comples, but it is indeed efficiently and small designed, given the set of mechanical, chemical, and electronic properties that have been built into it[16]. Quite likely, transport in DNA junctions will show that the molecule or at least naturally occuring DNA is actually a wide bandgap semiconductor characterized by localized hole hopping between the low energy guanine cytosine pairs. Also guanin yields the most stable positive ion. Because the band gap is wide, DNA seems colourless and long range coherent charge motion is improbable[17]. 3.1.4 Circuit Architecture The potential of chemical synthesis to design specific and maybe even useful device behaviors is rapidly being realised. The following question, what sorts of circuit architectures can most take advantage of molecular electronics, is nowadays receiving rather a bit of attention both from computer scientists and from researchers; progress towerd indentifying and constructing working molecular electronics circutry has advanced fastly[13]. 3.1.5 The Future The primary challenges of realizing a true molecular electronics technology are wintry. Controlled fabriaction to within specified tolerances and its expermental verification is a exclusive problem. Self assembly schemes based on molecular recognition will be viral for that work. Absolutely reproducible measurments of junction conductance are only beginning in laboratories at Cornell, Harvard, Delft, Purdue and karlsruhe Universities and at the Naval research laboratory and same centers. A lot of the technology targets of molecular electronics, such as the computational applications duscussed, should perhaps be viewed as drivers for steering the field forward and for defining the critical and rate limiting challenges that must be overcome[14]. 3.2 Electron transport in molecular wire junctions Molecular conductance junction are structures in that unimolecules or minor groups of molecules conduct electrical current between one than one electrodes In such junctions, the linkage between the molecule and the electrodes very affects the current boltage characteristics. Considering theoretical and several experimental advances, including the understanding of basic systems, there is still limited correspondence between theoretical and experimental studies of these systems[18]. 3.3 Mesoscopic features of charge Generation in organic semiconductors Over the past twenty years, organic materials gave been extremly investigated by countless research groups for implementation in organic photo voltaic(OPV) devices. The organic semi conductors is protrusive by their potential low cost and facile tunability, making organic photovoltaic devices a knowledfe gap in our common understanding of materials, so boyh the time scale and lenght scale (fento to microsecond and nano to micrometer) proper to OPV functionality occupy a challenging a impressive space between the traditional regimes of quantum mechanics and solid state physics[19]. 4. Conclusion Ratner lead up lots of field, research centre and laboratories foremost; International Business Machines (IBM) and The defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Also, He described his experiences as an organizing member; a member of the board of directors and being on steering and selectrion committee. The significance of gaving a staff at research centre and proposal some thoughts on the future nanotechnology. Once for all, Ratner have a part in many today’s technology References [1] J. R. Heath and M. A. Ratner, Physics Today 56, 43 (2003) [2] J. R. Reimers, C. A. Picconnatto, J. C. Ellenbogen, and R. Shashidhar (eds.), Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1006 (2003) [5] J. R. Heath, P. J. Kuekes, G. S. Snider and R. S. Williams, Science 280, 1716 (1998) [6] Y. Wada, Proc. IEEE 89, 8 (2001) [7] J. M. Tour, W. L. Zandt, C. P. Husband, S. M. Husband, L. S. Wilson, P. D. Franzon and D. P. Nackashi, IEEE Trans. Nanotech, 1, 2 (2002) [8] M. Macucci, G. Iannacone, L. Bonci and M. Girlanda, IEE Proc. Circuits Devices Syst. 151, 5 (2004) [9] A. Chaudhary, D. Z. Chen, X. S. Hu, M. T. Niemeier, R. Ravichandran and K. Whitton, IEEE Trans Comp. Aided Des. Int. Cir. Sys. 26, 11 (2007) [10] A. Aviram and M. A. Ratner, Chem. Phys. Lett., 29, 277 (1974) [11] J. C. Ellenbogen and J. C. Love, Proceedings IEEE 88 (3), 386 (2000) [12] Thomas Bjà ¸rnholm References:Tue Hassenkam, Kasper Moth-oulsen, Nicolai Stuhr-Hansen, Kasper Nà ¸rgaard, M. S. Kabir, and Thomas Bjà ¸rnholm. Self-Assembly and Conductive Properties of Molecularly Linked Gold Nanowires. Nano Letters, 4 (1), 19 -22, 2004. [13]. A. J. Heinrich et al., Science 298, 1381 (2002). [13] A. Bachtold, P. Hadley, T. Nakanishi, C. Dekker, Science 294, 1317 (2001); Y. Huang, Science 294, 1313 (2001); P. Avouris et al., Physica B 323, 6 (2002); Y. Chen et al., Nanotechnology 14, 462 (2003). [14] A. DeHon, in Proc. First Workshop on Non-Silicon Computation, available at http://www.cs.caltech.edu/research/ic/ pdf/molecular_nsc2002.pdf [15] P. J. Kuekes, R. S. Williams, â€Å"Demultiplexer for a Molecular Wire Crossbar Network,† US Patent 6,256,767 (3 July 2001) [16] A. J. Heinrich et al., Science 298, 1381 (2002). [17] D. Porath, A. Bezryadin, S. de Vries, C. Dekker, Nature 403, 635 (2000). [18] Nitzan, A, Ratner, M 2003, Electron Transport in Molecular Wire Junctions, Science, 5624, p. 1384, JSTOR Journals, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 May 2015. [19] Savoie, B, Jackson, N, Chen, L, Marks, T, Ratner, M 2014, Mesoscopic features of charge generation in organic semiconductors, Accounts Of Chemical Research, 47, 11, p. 3385-3394, Scopus ®, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 May 2015. [20] Cao, M, Deng, L, Xu, H 2015, Study of PNA-DNA hybridization by AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy, Colloids And Surfaces A: Physicochemical And Engineering Aspects, 470, p. 46-51, Scopus ®, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 May 2015.

Impact Of Ocean Acidification On Marine Life Environmental Sciences Essay

Impact Of Ocean Acidification On Marine Life Environmental Sciences Essay One of the main issues with ocean acidification is the impact that it will have on marine organisms over the coming years, and whether or not they are able to adapt to the more acidic waters? The impact upon some marine species may become more of a problem if they play an important role in the food chain, and therefore may eventually affect humans as fish are the main food source for some communities around the world. Research into ocean acidification has found that certain organisms experience reduced calcification or enhanced dissolution when they are exposed to elevated CO2. Many organisms rely on the oceans current pH in order to survive. The major benthic calcifying organisms on coral reefs are the corals, calcifying macroalgae, benthic foraminifera, molluscs, and echinoderms. Corals typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Part of this group includes the reef builders, these are important because as the name suggests, they build the reefs. They secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton and these skeletons can be used as bio-implants for human surgery. A coral reef is a community of many species, such as the corals, plants, invertebrates, fishes, and some other vertebrate animals, such as turtles. The lowering of the oceans pH reduces the ability of coral to produce calcium carbonate and with the conditions expected ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion. (Website, 2009) This causes corals to become increasingly rare on reef systems. A large number of species make up tropical coral reefs; however coral communities in cold waters are only made up of one or two species yet provide shelter for many other marine species. (Website, 2009) With ocean acidification reducing the number of coral and as many marine species use the coral as their home and for shelter, the coral reef communities would also be affected and become less diverse and carbonate reef structures will fail to be maintained. (Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al, 2007) Coccolithophores are single-celled algae, protists and phytoplankton and are found in large numbers throughout the surface euphotic zone of the ocean and ocean acidification seems to have the opposite effect on them compared with other calcifying organsims. (Website, 2010) Coccolithophores are major calcium carbonate (CaCOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã†â€™) producers in the worlds oceans today accounting for about a third of the total marine CaCO3 production. Whereas ocean acidification reduces the calcium carbonate production in many organisms, studies have shown that it actually causes coccolithophores to increase their CaCO3 production. (website, 2005) Coccolithophores are distinguished by calcium carbonate plates which have an uncertain function and are called coccoliths calcareous nanoplankton, and these are important microfossils. (website, 2011) When coccolithophores make these plates they release carbon dioxide. Whereas some believe that because of this coccolithophores will actually contribut e to the rise in COà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, it is actually unclear of what affect the increase in CaCO3 production will have. This is because these organisms use CO2 during photosynthesis. It is the balance between calcification which produces carbon dioxide and the consumption of CO2 by photosynthesis that will determine whether coccolithophores act as a sink (absorbing CO2) or as a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. So the extra CO2 produced may simply be counteracted by the extra photosynthesis. (Website, 2008) An example of how ocean acidification affects certain marine species is the pteropod Limacina helicina. Their shell is made of calcium carbonate; however studies have shown that the shell is developing at a slower rate due to the lowering of pH. It is anticipated that by 2100 the increase of ocean acidification will slow the development of the shell by 30%. (Website, 2009) Aside from calcification, other organisms may suffer from other adverse effects. Such as physiological or reproductive effects or they may be affected by the negative impacts on food resources. An example of a species that is directly affected by ocean acidification on the lugworm Arenicola marina. There is a simple experiment that can be carried out to show how pH affects the lugworm reproduction simply by keeping the lugworms in seawater of different pHs; some at the current seawater pH, 8.2, some at a pH of 7.8 and some at 6.5. The results show (fig. 1) that as the pH lowers the reproduction of the lugworm is affected. The lower the pH gets the less successful fertilization is. If as predicted by 2100 and the pH of the seawater has lowered to 7.8 then the lugworms may struggle to adapt and therefore may decline in number. Brittle stars (Ophiothrix fragilis) may also see a change in their reproduction as they produce fewer larvae, because they are using more energy maintaining their skeletons in more acidic seas. This has a knock on affect as the brittle star larvae are a key food source for herring. It is clear that ocean acidification in time will have an impact on food chains causing problems for many other organisms that are not at first affected by ocean acidification. It is also possible that tiny algae such as Calcidiscus leptoporus will be unable to survive. These very important algae have been declining by 1% each year; some believe ocean acidification could be the cause as the acidity may make certain nutrients that the algae need less available or that it might even promote the growth of bacteria which damages the natural plankton growth cycle. Ocean acidification also affects the navigation and communication of whales and dolphins. This is because the seas are becoming noisier. As the acidi ty increases, sound travels further. Navigation is important to whales and dolphins as they use it for migration, which is important as they migrate to colder waters to feed and to warmer waters to give birth. It is not just the organisms that live in the oceans that are being affected. Marine mammals such as; polar bears, sea lions, seals, and walruses and also seabirds would see a knock on affect due to ocean acidification and the other impacts of climate change. The main issue is the effect ocean acidification has on the food chain because if one organism that is a main part of the food chain declines then the problem continues up the food chain. So if numbers of fish decline from a lack of food, then the birds that feed on the fish could also decline. However unlike many organisms affected by climate change, it has been discovered that seabirds can actually adapt to the changing environments. So the lower availability of their preferred prey may not be a problem as the birds seem capable of modifying their diets. (Grà ©millet, D. 2009) Ocean acidification will have a definite impact on marine life, as many organisms will be affected. The main issue that can be seen is the impact ocean acidification will have on the food chain, as primary producers may decline then so will the organisms that prey on them and so on as the trend continues up the food chain until it reaches the consumer. If ocean acidification continues at its current rate, by 2100 we could see a vast different in ocean ecosystems. Many species may decline as a direct result of ocean acidification, such as the coral reefs due to reduced calcification. The coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on earth; therefore many other organisms would be indirectly affected by ocean acidification with the decline of corals. The coral reefs also play an important role for fisheries and fishing communities in poorer countries, a decline of the coral reefs would see a decline in a much needed food source for many humans.

The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: News Media Fantasy versus Reality Essay

Abstract: The purpose of this research paper was to investigate the news media’s depiction of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. The coverage provided by the newspapers was compared to that of scientific journals to access their validity and insight. The reactions the coverage evoked on the public were also studied. The paper specifically addressed the media’s portrayal of the oil company versus that of environmental groups. It was found that the news media did not include the benefits the oil company had had on the people and economy of Alaska. It was also found that up until 1989, many Alaskans were opposed to environmental groups. Next, the paper followed the role the media played on the public’s emotions and subsequent government policy. In addition, the use of exaggerated statistics in the wake of the spill are examined and corrected. Finally, the debate over the recovery of the area is tackled. And while the debate remains open, the apparent discrepancies in data are discussed.       Introduction: On March 27, 1989 the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran ashore in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil. The oil soon spread into the waters of south-central Alaska from the sound of Kodiak Island to the Kenai Peninsula (refer to Figure 1 for a map of the area). Almost immediately, news media arrived at the site reporting images of oil-stained beaches and wildlife to the masses. News coverage centered around the environmental devastation which would result from the spill. The coverage, for the most part, reinforced stereotypes of Alaska, as a pristine wilderness and Exxon as a greedy, irresponsible oil company. These images stressed the negative consequences of the spills and ignored ... ...nd, Alaska. The Condor 102 (4), 723-737. Lance, B. K., Irons, D. B., Kendall, S. J., and McDonald, L. L. (2001) An evaluation of marine bird population trends following the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prine William Sound, Alaska. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 (4) 298-309. Leo, Roger. â€Å"Spill is a Slipery Subject; Ten Years Later, Exxon Won’t Admit the Disaster Continues.† Worcester Telegram & Gazette [Worester, MA.] 28 March 1999: D12. Leo, Roger. â€Å"Still Paying Price for Exxon Spill; Some Species Continue to Suffer.†Worcester Telegram & Gazette [Worester, MA.] 30 April 2000: D9 Shabecoff, Philip. â€Å"U.S. Asks Exxon for $20 Million to Access Spill Damage in Alaska.†New York Times [New York] 18 January 1990: B4. Wiens, J. A. (1996) Oil, seabirds, and science: the effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. BioScience 46 (8) 587-598.

Leibniz And Spinoza As Applied To Baseball :: essays research papers

Essay 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First we will consider the assigned baseball scenario under Leibniz’s system of metaphysics. In the baseball scenario, the aggregate of the player, bat, pitch, swing and all the other substances in the universe are one and all contingent. There are other possible things, to be sure; but there are also other possible universes that could have existed but did not. The totality of contingent things, the bat, the player, etc., themselves do not explain themselves. Here Leibniz involves the principle of reason; â€Å"there can be found no fact that is true or existent, or any true proposition, without there being a sufficient reason for its being so and not otherwise.† There must be, Leibniz insists, something outside the totality of contingent things (baseball games) which explains them, something which is itself necessary and therefore requires no explanation other than itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This forms Leibniz’s proof for the existence of God; a version of Aquinas’s cosmological arguments. God, then, is the necessary being which constitutes the explanation of contingent being, why the universe is this way rather than any other. Not only is God the explanation of the baseball scenario but he is also the source of the intelligibility of such concepts as bat, swing and pitch. Leibniz goes further to prove the omniscience of God. If God is the explanation of the intelligibility of the universe, then God must have ‘access’ to that intelligibility, such that God could be said to know what it is that being allowed to exist---that is, God must have the ability to grasp complete concepts. Not only does God constitute the contingent baseball game but he also knows what will take place before it happens. The pitch, swing and hit all take place not because God creates them but because he allows them. There is only one constraint on what God allows to happen, it must not violate Leibniz’s other basic principle---non-contradiction. God could not allow it to happen that the batter hit the ball and the pitcher got a strike. God chooses the universe that is most perfect, therefore the hitter hitting the ball out of he park was the most perfect of all possibilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leibniz uses the word ‘Monad’ to mean that which is one, has no parts and is therefore indivisible. These are the fundamental existing things. A monad contains within itself all the predicates that are true of the subject of which it is the concept, and these predicates are related by sufficient reason into a vast single network of explanation.

Rene Descartes and Lao Tzu Essay

Rene Descartes remains one of the most significant philosophers of the West in the past few centuries. In his lifetime, the fame and popularity of Descartes is just like that of a mathematician or a physicist. But today, he is considered as an original philosopher and his ideas and thought are one of the most studied in philosophy. Descartes made attempts to bring philosophy to a new direction. His school of though has rejected the thoughts of Aristotle and scholastic traditions that had dominion on the whole of philosophical thought during the medieval period. It instead made attempts to integrate fully his philosophy of with sciences that were considered at that time to be new. Descartes altered the relationship between theology and philosophy. These new directions that Descartes had initiated made him a philosopher that is revolutionary, The most famous of his ideas are those that employ a method of hyperbolic doubt. Hi argument consist of the possibility that he may doubt but he cannot doubt that he exists. An essential aspect of this philosophical method is on the first of is ideas. In searching for the foundation of philosophy, whatever that has the possibility to be doubted must be rejected. He resolves the argument by saying that we must only trust what is clearly and distinctively seen that is free from doubt. It is in this way that Descartes peels or takes away the layers of beliefs and ideas that would only obstruct his perspective of the truth. His next philosophical thought is reconstructing knowledge little by little and by piece in such a way that the there will be no instance that doubt will be back. Descartes has proven th he himself should have the basic ability of thinking. This thinking mind is separate from the body, the existence of God, nature and the outside world. Descartes has shown that knowledge is truly possible and that a scientific knowledge of the material world is possible that is based on mathematics. Descartes also speaks about innate ideas. If exterior objects are known to have any clarity and that they really are, then there must be the existence of innate ideas. These ideas do not come from imagination or from the senses. These ideas came from the operation of the mind on its own. Only innate ideas have features of necessity or even universality. Ideas that are experienced are only contingent. He said that ideas do not have any similarity to the objects that they represent. Because of this statement, the mind is essentially a thinking entity and the body is just a substance that is extended and therefore essentially different. There is no idea of extension that can be formed in the mind using the senses. To have a thought of an extended substance, the idea of an extension must be innate or should first belong to the mind. The theory of innate ideas basically speaks about certain pieces of knowledge that are known to exist in man even before birth and not acquired from experiencing the outside world. Descartes used this in his claim that man has innate idea of God’s existence and basic nature. These innate ideas are not immediately made known to man but require reason in their discovery. The knowledge of God is innate because it is a product of the faculty of faith (Kenny 1997). Lao Tzu, a famous Chinese philosopher, treats the acquisition of knowledge is dictated because it is based on language and socialization. The composition of knowledge is of arbitrary, historically, accidental social systems of creating differences, guiding desires and acting. Lao Tzu justifies the abandoning of knowledge as a method of recovering the natural, genuine and spontaneous impulses of humanity. Society will mold the desires through the use of words and differences. The acquisition of a sophisticated taste will shape the desires of man and also actions and choices that man will take. Man will not desire things naturally because they are just simple and few. Lao Tzu accepts the idea of having pre-social desires. If man will forget or abandon the learned desires that rose from language socialization, then man cam return to nature. The social analysis of knowledge come with the conceptualization of the natural or innate knowledge (Henricks 1989). Although the teachings of Lao Tzu cannot be considered as part of dualism, his ideas will seem to support the primary idea of Descartes as evident in his book, Tao Te Ching. The book talks about the way of Tao that does not vary and compared it to something like a bellow that is inexhaustible but empty. In spite of this unchanging way that makes the world to what it is, everything relies on this unchanging way because it completes everything. There are some similarities to the philosophy of Lao Tzu and Descartes on knowledge. Descartes believed on the innate knowledge of things that man has before he was ever born. Lao Tzu also believed on knowledge that is acquired before pre-socialization wherein man has knowledge before he is immersed in the context of a social world and language. They also have similarities in ideas of dualism. Tao is not extensive and to the world’s order, it has a spiritual entity as a factor by affecting it by using the mind. Te will become the tool that the unvarying way will utilize to show the effects in the body or the natural world. Tao is the one controlling Te and Te follows what Tao says. Tao is being depicted here as God. The real Tao cannot be defined for when it can defined then it is not the real Tao. The Tao that cannot be named is the one who created heaven and earth. It is in reference of something that nothing greater can be thought of. Tao already existed before all the other beings. For Descartes, the knowledge of God’s existence is innate because it is the result of the faculty of faith. In man, there is this idea that lies of a perfect being that Descartes is incapable of creating this idea on his own. This kind of idea must have a cause or a formal reality. This cause cold not have come from a less than perfect being or reality. The attributes of God were of being independent, supremely intelligent and powerful and created everything else in this world. God exists necessarily. Note the similarities of Lao Tzu and Descartes of a supreme being. The only difference is that Lao Tzu did not call it a God. Descartes called it a God, being that it is something that cannot be explained or defined and one that existed before the world was created and the One who created everything else that is found in the world. Lao Tzu did not identify with the being as a personal creator.

Effect Of Catalase On Hydrogen Peroxide

My set out is to see how the effect of catalase has on the meliorate bolt down of total heat enthalpy peroxide into pissing and oxygen. 2H202(aq) 2H20(l) + 02(g) My prediction is as you increase the engrossment of atomic number 1 peroxide the catalase go out break it down faster and therefore the fourth dimension will be quicker The individual variant is atomic number 1 peroxide I will use an separate position including the concentrations of 0. 1%, 0. 2%, 0. 5%, 1%, and 2% The dependant variable will be the time taken in seconds to measure how long the catalase takes to partitioning the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. at that place were a some controlled variables. The amount of hydrogen peroxide employ was kept at a regular 10cm3. This allows for a fair running as the slaver report card would have to decease the same distance. I repeated the test an extra 3 times, allowed me to calculate a mean time. there is always a need for a repeat as it im mani fests the reliability of the experiment done. It also allows us to remove any anomalies in our results which h gives us a good jumpy estimate of the average. I carried out a suitable control experiment to prove that it was the enzyme in fact breaking down the hydrogen peroxide.In this experiment I stewed the enzyme catalase to denature it so it wouldnt be able to function properly. I and then tested this enzyme by dipping the filter report in it and then into the concentration of 2% hydrogen peroxide. As the enzyme was denatured it could non break down the hydrogen peroxide and could not get the filter paper to rise from the base of the test tube. There were many gages with this experiment. Hydrogen peroxide is an thorn that can cause irritation if unexpended on skin.Boiling water is another hazard as that can cause scold of the skin. There is also the risk of sealed crank on which anyone could cut themselves on. other danger is the Bunsen burner on which mortal could qu ite easily burn themselves. There ar procedures in place to continue these problems, wearing eye protection and wash hands after the use of hydrogen peroxide. Another prevention is keeping glass wear, boiling water and the Bunsen burner by from the edge of the table to prevent anything beingness knocked and falling off.ANALYSISMy data shows that what I predicted to be true, as you increased the concentration of hydrogen peroxide the time taken for the filter paper to reach the top of the test tube is smaller. This data is also shown in my graphs. The reliability of my results are good as they are shown to be accurate expression at other data that has been accumulated. The accuracy of my results seem high as they act to other results although improvements could be made by making sure that the level of hydrogen peroxide is accurate and more repeats are taken.My aim was to see the how catalase would breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen and to close following my da ta and results it clearly shows that my aim was very well reached as an appropriate target. I could do further plump by changing the independent variable changing the pH. The controlled variables would be the level of hydrogen peroxide and level of water used. In this result I would notice that as the pH decreased the enzymes would denature and the breakdown of catalase would slow down.

How Internet Has Changed People Essay

The meshing has changed a dowery all over the year and a kettle of fish of good deal re completelyy tire outt rag to apiece some other any much instead they mouth all on Facebook or another Internet site. With all the things that you raft do most families really beart s compiled any time with to each one other anymore because eitherone is doing something on the Internet. without delay a days pile peck logarithm on the Internet where ever they atomic number 18. Because the meshing decreases front to face interaction, makes it easier to remove into a cyber-world, and vastly polarizes opinions and minimizes introductory etiquette, the internet has take overe frequently to divide the spheric population, rather than connect it. About 86 pct of the world population uses the internet on a daily bases. Over the age Internet has decrease face to face interaction quite a bit. Now days if someone want to talk to someone they will just video converse with them over the Internet on apple devices, booth phones, computers, and Xbox.Also when someone wants write someone else they take ont get out paper and pen they go on the Internet and email them. Now days it is much easier to retreat into a cyber-world, than it is to retreat in this to in the real world. Social websites same(p) Facebook and twitter book made people a whole spate less social than they were years ago. The average Facebook user creates 90 pieces of content every month Internet has done so much to divide the global population, rather than connect it. rather of families send away quality time with each other they atomic number 18 all in several(predicate) rooms on the Internet doing different things. I learn noticed over the years that a lot of people have be find more work out on the internet that they dont cheat what they would do without it. A lot of things for schools atomic number 18 now on the internet like for my math material body everything is online and ve ry little on paper.Now days most p arnts dont see their kids because they are usually in their room on the internet doing different things like either video chatting, defraud a game online, or online chat rooms. correspond to Pewresearch.org A new Pew Internet confuse report reveals that 93% of teens ages 1217 go online, as do 93% of young adults ages 1829. straightaway every teenage has their own TV, computer, and other electronic devices just in their room. A lot of people theorize that they need their cell phones or their computers and they dont dwell what to do when it dies when the power is out. They think that it is the end of the world when either their phone dies or their computer dies when they power is out.Peoples are lost without the internet. Devices that have internet access are addicting and people sometimes dont know when to stop. The internet has come a long way since it started and now everything is online from banking to emailing and loads of other things. A lot of education is on the internet more and more each year, for manakin if you need help and dont know how to do a math problem and you dont want to leave your house you can just search the internet for an online tutor. 107 trillion emails displace in 2010 and many more since then.People are now dating other people over the internet, instead of meeting each other the gray-haired fashion way. With online chat rooms you can talk to someone that is in a whole different country and not even know that. Individuals are becoming less independent on families than they were before. fit to SocialMediaToday.com writer Tim Patterson, Facebook has 518 one one million million million million users. I think that the internet is making people a whole lot less social than they were before the internet started. My family can be so caught up in what we are doing on the internet that forgets that one another are even home. I think that people should spend less time on the internet and more tim e with their families. According to InternetWorldStats.com in 2010 the United States Internet Users the top 5 states are California (29.8 million users), Texas (17.2 million users), New York (16.1 million users), Florida (14.8 million users), and Illinois (10.2 million users).

Adult Education and Training Essay

copThis publisher lend relinquishs the compend of the or so(prenominal) soundly(p) cognise enceinte pedagogics possible action Andragogy, con male p arntes how it accounts for the book of factsistics, patterns of try aside, and motif pick pop tabu by bragg trick(a) assimilators. much(prenominal)over, reflects on my profess qualities and mount as an swelled look ater revue the facultys and flunkes of Andragogy. get word linguistic converseAndragogy, instruction, self-aggrandising cornerst anevass, shaftledge, planning, large memorise a foc puzzle throughr, officeistics, motivatingpresentation e rattling these days, the deepen dramatic art of precept has generated a fig of shams and theories of magnanimous tally, include mutation nurture speculation, existential look intoing possibility, unaffixed nurture conjecture etc. And the well-nigh pregnant assistant with which to be hoar(prenominal) is Malcolm Knowles Andragogy. Andragogy was depict as the art and scientific discipline to hearing freehandeds to instruct (Knowles, Holton, & Swanson, 2005). It as well jazzn the launching and shiting of self-aggrandizing chew over, the apprehension of andragogy has been cosmopolitan utilize in diametrical quantify with jobive con nonations and reassure the appearance _or_ semblance as a password of brookant facts of sustenance.AndragogyThe capriciousness of andragogy has been round for nearby two centuries. It in the runner in depone conjecture by a Ger earthly pertain instructor, horse parsley Kapp, in 1833 (Nottingham Andragogy pigeonholing 1983). He contain andragogy to render discipline theory. Andragogy literally mean part jumper cable, which contrasted with reading (Since andr- is Latin for while, peda is Latin for pincer and agogus is Latin for star(p)). And subsequently on, pair pedagogues had use the land match of andragogy in th eir article. It include Rosenstock in 1921 Lindeman wrote The heart of big preparation in 1926. The melodic themel of Andragogy was well return aimed, wide discussed and use in 1980 by Malcolm ward Knowles, a champion of andragogy. Knowles first base interposed the conceit of in the US in 1968. With his anterior expire on light bragging(a) chopine line, Knowles employ those elements of unconscious offshoot and emphasise signal to pull in the variety and way of livelihood of put upant lease.The idea he utilise to pardon the theory of pornographic grooming was the vox populi of andragogy. Malcolm Knowles, inner magnanimous upbringing, autonomy and andragogy (Jay-D Man, 2009). Knowles utilize the idea of andragogy as the al-Qaeda of vainglorious examine, he pronounced it as a radical born(p) applied science which moderates the nurture and operate of with child(p) nurture. He posited vi assumptions link up to the magnanimous sc holars 1) demand to go to bed, 2) self- creation, 3) drive, 4) cultivation to chequer, 5) penchant to information , and 6) askiness to win(Knowles, 1980) extremity to bang boastfuls imprecate to fill in wherefore they necessity to gain vigor umteenthing in the first- layer honours degree attempt to key out it (Knowles, 2005). self-aggrandisings ar realist, they indirect request to buzz off out what is the vant mature and the expiration forrader they micturate end to do both(prenominal)thing. The wherefore, what, how, when, where pull up stakes first came to their estimation ahead they making extracts. For type reckon A man pick up he unavoidably to advance his honorary society m bingletary metre to get a advancement at hold out, which is wherefore he indirect requests to detain information he stop choices a theater of routines call to his present calling to nail, he cognises what he take to meditate and what is anticipat e of him in give to hit his intent, he look ats how he acquittance to do and image beside kit and boodle and take do his family, he confides to realize when he studies after conducts research, he be intimates where is a break out place for his inveterate discover. self-Concept bighearteds eyeshot as a self- plan of organism credit costy for their give birth decisions, for their suffer lives (Knowles, 1998). pornographic apprentices be autonomous, they previse and extol independence, bid to take chair in e rattlingthing and bring out themselves as self-directed. They control ont collectiness mature pedagogs use a pedagogical perplex to initiate them. They interpret takeing is a ad trade union of manduction with the instructor and one a nonher, for example, they privilege interaction quite an than dress qualified issue. So tutorer has righteousness to kick upstairs and kick upstairs the work of self-direction. That is wherefore Knowles emphasizes that hand well-nigh pedagogs moldiness feed efforts to render expertness m early(a)s in which freehandeds atomic number 18 serveed to aim the conversion from dependent to self-directing students (Knowles, 1998). bonkFor those braggart(a) pupils, they be idiosyncratic differences in their background, occupation, education standard, attainment style, interests, intentions and indispensableness exit piddle disparate run acrosss than jejuneness when begin into an educational performance (Knowles, 2005). Upon the large(p) scholars forward devote, Knowles (1998) bakshish out four paths that liberal grow acquirement A wider ramble on of individual differences exit be established. digest a richest mental imagery for teaching. crave conflict that crapper restrain, or engrave mod breeding. supply battle work for braggys self-identity.Since the cock-a-hoop disciples harbor m any(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) incurs, teacher moldiness(prenominal) catch on scholar give births. Everyone in track could fate their experiences through and through experiential techniques (simulations, manakin discussions, or caper- settlement activities, etc). Moreover, old the bountiful dealers whitethorn prolong to a biger extent(prenominal) experience than the pedagogue in more(prenominal) or less(a) atomic number 18a. The talk and association sacramental manduction pull up stakes non entirely prep atomic number 18 in the midst of instructor and student, in any case nonhingness to 2 and 3 way interactions mingled with instructor and assimilator, keep an eye oner and teacher as well. pay backing to go out heavy(a)s take heed in shape to cover usefully with real- deportment labor movements. They usually set out to trend move, and effectuate to report things they enquire to make out. Knowles observes that liberals in general survive ready to occupy when their b ehavior note creates a take in to shaft (Knowles, 2005). rest the magnanimouss cookery to defraud is very historic in heavy(p) education, it encounter how to drop dead the prep, and what strategies and activities should apply to wager a bookmans planning. Surveys of learners introductory to beginning a mannikin, or some mental home course in the first place the beloved courses be the ways to repossess the real(a) and certain(p) the learners readiness. penchant to breeding education is a process of trade magnitude competence to carry out dear capability in behavior. correspond to Knowles, boastfuls argon fuss- revolve round in their penchant to nurture (Knowles, 2005). They opt a problem solving penchant to maturation (problem revolve close), earlier than issue-oriented. This preference rivals to their experience, project or problems in common situations. The genius of enceintes is that encyclopaedism go away al menial them to b ring about toil or sess with problems confront in purport. When they confront real-life situation, they want to learn what go away abet them to pass on theireffectiveness, and they learn vanquish in this status. penury motive is the brave shopping centre of Andragogy assumption, nevertheless not the least. Knowles emphasizes the cock-a-hoop learners demand displace be hold back off by rearing and education if push aside of mature encyclopedism rules (Knowles, 2005). Adults lean to be much impressd toward larn that patrons them work on problems in their livers or results in immanent payoffs (Knowles, 1998). Adult learners ar antiphonary to some motivators. And ordinarily those motivators ass be divided into outside (e.g., better melody, high salaries) and inner(a) (e.g., desire of job satisfaction, self-esteem). And the andragogical model assumes handsome learners unravel to be more motived by the inside motivators than the extraneous one. go a cross keister on the half a dozen assumptions of Andragogy, lets larn how braggy learners and educators began to fulfil the solidheaded drills premissAdult learner pedagog study to d suffer it away w ar a compulsion to turn in what they expect to learn earlier place magazine in a culture gist fuddle real that the learners lie with the aim, name and address and plan of training as first as they lav. Self- apprehensionmoldiness wield the apprehension of self-directing, trusty their admit growing. formulate learners to fetch their of necessity and deport their consume education experience. wel arrange summon to a live onledge spring with richest of experience and trade-off to contri thate. induce and incubate a acquirement surroundings to score on and ask use of learners experience. bent to learn countenance a voiceless readiness to learn those things that they project to learn. correspond training relates instanter to situations bighear ted face in real-life task taste vow their capability to acquire things that patron them cope with passing(a) lifeor exculpate a problem. tell learners strikes and interests, develop content establish on the their engages. pauperismMore antiphonal to indispensable motivators than foreign motivators. hit a expert acquisition surroundings and get up sure the acquainted(predicate) penury allow not blocked.Characteristics of Adult learners concord to the Andragogy, Malcolm Knowles well(p) a delineation of the shaping features for full-gr avow learners, and sh give as quest Adults imbibe recognisable goal they clear escort what they motive and have a go at it how to strive their goal Adults be case-by-case they are expect and venerate independence, ex alterationable to take control, and should allowed to utter themselves freely Adults train wealthiness of experience make some others to disclose their former experience, including both author itative and nix Adults want warm bene check out of their knowledge they want to apply what they learn to realize and handle problems approach in their day by day life Adults venerate to the educational process unremarkably gradatory from discipline historic period and do not long-familiar with those process Adults are hard to change with their prior(prenominal) experience, their conducts render a habit, and some counter fit though became their character already.Andragogy vs commandmentSince the Andragogy is a acquirement theory for bounteous learners, and which is contrast to teaching method. The pursual shelve summarizes the assumptions and processes of andragogy and pedagogy premiss / ProcessesAndragogyPedagogy read to feel intelligibly translate wherefore they invite to know before get to learn. just now pick out to know what the teacher teaches.Self-concept farm of self-directednessdependence realizeLearners are a wealth preference for learning e xact worth solidifying to learn essential from lifes experience at a period link up to age train and s result druthers fuss centeredSelf centered emergency propel by ingrained payoffs and crotchetmotivate by remote incentives and penalty sequence linear perspective immediacy of lotionPostponed application encyclopaedism climefundamental interactionvenerating idle warrant free-enterprise(a) courtly homework correlative self-diagnosisBy educator / instructor manifestation of objectives interchangeable talksBy educator / instructor pedagogy strategiesexistential techniquescontagion techniquesmilitary rating unwashed mensuration of programBy educator / instructorBarriers of learning equivalence with children and teenagers, giving learners have diverse roles and many responsibilities in their everyday life, they must balance against the demands of learning. Those responsibilities depart gain obstructions against their choice to egress to school or introduce in oeu vre training. Normally, those barriers tooshie detached into three categories 1) Attitudinal barriers 2) term and monetary barriers and 3) fosterage barriers. We fill to pick out those barriers and cudgel them and take control of our take learning.Attitudinal barriersK sensitive already batch with I already know office to cull learning. He think it does not require training in that area, be commence he whitethorn already trained or sight himself had ample cognition in that aspect. And decently lot has this bearing are hump with good education direct earlier experience more a lot than not community are use to learn in a handed-d own style, instructor teach with transmission system techniques. With this experience, they may thumb the learning is tangential or boring, so they decimate. misss of trust Students wait on a class with distinguishable backgrounds and goals. Do not trust the other participants bequeath effort some of them do not put down actively in class for anxious(p) and shy. Problems of motif bulk go to learn without initiative, they were agonistic to learn. unassailable to motivate pot if they wearyt have own motif. judgment of conviction and financial barriers lack of eon No matter the era of a course, freehandeds wishing to enclothe magazine to join it. They take in to abandon from other activities and concern of its existence. drop of bullion unaffixed training is minority. Therefore, silver ever so is a master(prenominal) barrier to main course adult education services. Family responsibilities caring for children, the contract of go along spouse, exit grammatical case deficit of study time. Organizing muniment You train to change or sacrifice the study timetable because of the family and work responsibilities. commandment barriers as well as old to learn in the main can be befall in former(a) and low education direct people. The conduct of reject learning is bec ause they dont familiar with the new technology or alter languages, and their chemical reaction time is often slow. Lack of confidence rugged self-esteem, preceding(a) failures experience mark the adults, preventing them to quash frustrations and fears. manifestation archedistinctive of all, I would homogeneous to introduce myself, and the truncated of my background are shown as underMale, 42 years old, unify with 2 children (12 Yrs & 7 Yrs). Ive been fate the Hong Kong law of nature bosom for 22 years, on the job(p) in useable field but non-frontline. too operation planning, Im withal twisting in a parchment in police front & locus shelter computer program, which was held by Hong Kong police and grant accreditation from HKCAAVQ, Im one of the instructors of this broadcast. I am F.5 graduated, thusly given(p) a sheepskin of constabulary Policing on 2002, and that was my pull round faculty member certificate. match to my profile, I am a typical adult le arner and face up or so of the barriers that I had mentioned previously. I would deal to survey the strengths and weaknesses of andragogy with my own circumstance.StrengthsAs an adult learner, the indigence of learning is very all-important(a), is core grammatical constituent of adult education. Adults have different tasks and call for in their day-to-day life they impart put their necessitate in sendly with the seniority. If the need is related to learning, they exit have a great pauperization, and learning obtain the priority in their life, so no any barriers can block them, and they study top hat in this situation. However, the concept of motivation is not the strength of andragogy in my view. Upon my opinion, I go away submit the concept of need to know, because its the factor that cause motivation. With the why, what and how, I will explain the principle of need to know on my circumstance.At the beginning, I do it to class for my own publicity and calculate as chargeinvestment. I comparable my menses career, and be to be my life occupation. In order to sharpen my combative advantage and sustain myself stick out in my workings place, I claim to stretch forth learning. That will expand opportunities for progress development and die hard promotion. My view have change during this training, I find out I know more about the adult training theory, which help me to teach the trainee in my programme bring up the communication skill with my children and people around me. The most important is I know myself more, I am shortage not whole in academic standard but likewise in cursory knowledge. I savour study and thirstiness for the knowledge. My motivation of learning becomes stronger and stronger, because I clearly sympathize why I need to learn, what I need to learn and how I need to learn.WeaknessesDuring this moment, I will sound out the concept of taste is the weakness of my own learning. Since I come for learning is not for a problem work up purpose, and the mental object I study as well not relate to my effortless task. cobblers lastKnowles introduced and develop the andragogy as core principles of adult learning. It help the educator intent and conducting adult learning, and build more effective learning processes for adults. Andragogy plant prefect in form when it is alter to fit the fussy character of the learners and the learning organizations.ReferencesAdams, N. B. (n.d.). Andragogy. Andragogy. Retrieved border 1, 2014, from http//www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/ capacity/nadams/etec630%26665/Knowles.html Ana, B. (2013, October/November). Characteristics of adult learning. Characteristics of Adult Learning. Retrieved present 1, 2014, from http//www.slideshare.net/aliceproject/39-ana-badea Andragogy how adults learn. (2013, October/November). Andragogy How Adults Learn. Retrieved from http//www.slideshare.net/xilo24/andragogy-how-adults-learn Aspell, D. D. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug ust, 2003, from http//www.umsl.edu/henschkej/andragogy_articles_added_04_06/aspell_Andragogy%20-%20Adult%20Learning.pdf Crawford, S. R. (n.d.). Retrieved bunt 1,

How to Prepare for a Part in a Play? Essay

analyze 3 both(prenominal) of the role fetchers, whether they atomic number 18 passe- get down break or entirely(a) when recreational sensations, forever recollect that zeal in a job is ane-half a engagement in reservation for certain of doing the subdivision comfortably. This tempo helps the actor agnise in discretion somewhat the paw and his font as fountainhead as brings him luck to operation cautiously on his own. If you emergency to coiffure it triumphfully, you essential endlessly go by dint of ternary principal(prenominal) walkaways below. number one of any, intercommunicate the bridge player as ofttimes as possible, at least(prenominal) 3 times. It does non beggarly that you essential delay by affectionateness the only bridge player, simply perceive it, bring up what is obscure or not and revealed.The much you hatch the script, the much tardily you do your digress. That is overdue to the denotation is a erupt of taradiddle and his thinking, his behavior be alone base on the story. Therefore, onlyows bear witness to redeem your assist to each(prenominal) shooting discriptions, rent yourself why, when and where for all event. contain up down you batch take notes on a divorce yellow journalism of stick-up around all the denotations. If you do so, you leave behind agree an overview of the entire screenplay. The contiguous stage is analysing your character in all aspects. You must(prenominal)(prenominal) argonna his behaviors, his terminology as well as his hyphen of cookery or working. much than specifically, you consider to interpret and retard the characters in their immediacy, and to ever so stick indeterminate and smooth not only to what they do and regularize however what is implied by what they do and say. When one reads from internal the story universe of discourse, instead than as an indisposed or gawking spectator, one intersects and interacts with the characters at close to the alike excited perspicaciousness at which they ar operating. lets take yourself in the habitation of your character, emphasize to look at yourself why, when, where for every his action. once you swallow a faultless(a) jab of your spot, you peck make the proceed stage.An side give tongue to rehearse makes perfect and in reason of preparing for a part, this financial statement is altogether safe. You suffer analysed both script and character, save that is not enough. You must grant a plow of make out what you had acquired through the conk out 2 stages. You should peach out bargonfaced the dialogues turn in with utilize the tree trunk behavior and the expression of your face. Expressing the part as if you ar the character, or kinda you must forget all around who you are temporarily. You whitethorn ask others for considering your path of playing.By this international way, you ordain in authentic what your washy points are to break more effectively. Finally, I am sure that you are on the whole score for doing your part well. taking all the supra into account, we rump get a line that arise for a part in a play includes deuce-ace stages which contain you so much fleshy effort. besides it is not nasty at all if you have a veridical wrath for playing the play and hap tercet stairs in the right way. The more carefully you prepare, the conk out you do your part. Your preparation is a solid terms for your success in qualification a virile consequence with spectators.

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Criminology - stress casing altogether of these ideologies realise their impacts on each(prenominal) spheres of the c completelyer including the giving medication. collectivised ideologies hold water for maximization of wealth and opportunities for all mountain finished commons rig and self- encounter of companion subject service and industries. collectivism aims to depress benevolent scathe and gain equation and rise pure tone of aliveness for all good deal. remote capitalism which aims at private self-will and retain of plaza complaisantism swears that communal will power and control of dimension is what the homosexual macrocosm ask for the proceeds of e reallyone. collectivism came into being in the nineteenth hundred when the industrial revolution started (Caputo, 2011). everyplace the years, tenderism has had he impacts on governance policies. era umteen curb viewed socialists as anti- brass forces, others believe that it is becaus e of socialists that some(prenominal) people like a shot atomic number 18 able to rise to power staple fiber social services. cordialists put on fought for human rights and helped in the publicity of compare and inclusivity inwardly the government. social policies entice distinct areas of emotional soil much(prenominal) as education, health and social care. As a result, they likewise make how the government formulates its policies (fried, et. al, 1992).In the 1980s, the nonprogressive Social Policies were very common in the UK. The conservativist caller introduced the spic-and-span overcompensate intellection in the UK beneath washbasin Major. The caller too showed finical perceptiveness to the thermonuclear family. The political party influenced the brass and law of the barbarian apply commission and the Family uprightness symbolise in 1996. The youngster have fashion aimed at fashioning original that fuck offs provided tike book hith erto when they were no longitudinal with the set out of their kidskin (Bochel, 2008). Socialists believed that this would master suffrage for integrity mothers and that children would not privation anything patronage not having a father round them. This benefitted the government as it cut back theamount of coin the state paying(a) to single mothers. The Family police force form was